The article discusses the various proportions of the components of the cement-sand mixture for the production of bricks for the construction of private houses. Particular attention is paid to the values ​​of the draft of the cone, as one of the indicators of the mixture. Tables are given with a description of the different composition of the mixture for each component. The results of an experiment to study the effect of different ratios of components are presented. The equipment for manual and automatic molding and creation of finished products from the resulting mixture is illustrated. A conclusion is given on the possibility of using a specific mixture in the production of bricks.

Keywords: brick, cement, sand, water, cement-sand mixture, cement mortar, water-cement ratio, composition selection, construction, production

The article is the result of an analytical study of the development of structures of medium and small businesses in the engineering implementation of the stages of survey, preparation in the production of building materials, semi-finished products, sections of projects, as well as participants in the commissioning of facilities for 2012-2022. During this period, the number of small and medium enterprises in the territory of the Russian Federation increased by 224 thousand units. In the Central Federal District (which includes the Tula Region), the increase was 31.8%. At the same time, their growth in construction amounted to 6.39%. However, the trend has changed from 2019 to 2022. the number of entrepreneurs significantly decreased by 457 thousand. In this regard, the authors in their studies solved the problem of analyzing the state, dynamics of changes in the number and content of the activities of structures of medium and small businesses in construction; developing proposals to improve development efficiency. The main attention is paid to specialization, the reasons for curbing the growth of business services and the economic results of their work.

Keywords: business planning, specialization, planning, project management, building complex

A modernized approach to project management using calendar and network planning is proposed, in particular, the issue of managing schedules in conditions of uncertainty is touched upon. The proposed approach allows us to take into account the factors influencing the timing of the project and, based on their consideration, take appropriate measures to ensure that we do not deviate from the specified construction deadlines. The proposed approach is based on the methods of Eisenhower matrices, which allow taking into account the degree of influence (vertically) and importance (horizontally) of each of the criteria, and the methods of subject-oriented management, which allow to exclude subjectivism in conditions of uncertainty by excluding manipulations of the external environment, and also include procedures for ranking and selecting factors influencing expert decision-making.

Keywords: project management, construction period, calendar and network schedule, risk, uncertainty conditions, subject-oriented management, project, group of factors, approach, solution

The problem of synthesizing the parameters of the drive control system of the responsible unit of the construction 3D printer - the screw dispenser of the print head using the method of neuro-fuzzy control is considered. An algorithm for building an intelligent drive control system is described. A training sample is obtained from the data of variables determined as a result of modeling the automatic system control with a continuous proportional-integral-differentiating (PID) regulator. Training of a neuro-fuzzy output system in the MATLAB software environment is performed using the hybrid method a. Transient characteristics of the control system with continuous and neuro-fuzzy proportional-differentiating (PD) regulator are obtained. Direct indicators of the quality of the considered control systems are determined, and an analysis of these results is carried out. The use of neuro-fuzzy control of the screw doser drive of the 3D printer print head made it possible to obtain the desired a transient process confirmed as a result of a computational experiment.

Keywords: 3D printer, screw dispenser drive, print head, concrete mix, transfer function, proportional-integral-differentiating controller, neuro-fuzzy output system

The paper presents the properties and nomenclature of products made of ceramic fiber used for insulating lining in steam reforming furnaces. On the example of the lining of the radiant chamber, the technology of mounting ceramic blankets on anchor studs, which is currently used in the construction and repair of reforming furnaces, is considered. The shortcomings of the existing technology are noted. These include the complexity of the process, the complexity of installation control and the high probability of uneven thermal conductivity of the lining surface due to hidden defects, as well as the spraying of ceramic fiber particles in the air that cause diseases. The nomenclature and technology of installation of insulating lining with ceramic blocks along guide tubes with subsequent resistance welding with the camera body is proposed. The technology will reduce the repair time, improve the thermal conductivity of the camera, reduce the risk of diseases.

Keywords: gas reforming, radiant chamber, insulation lining, ceramic fiber, thermal conductivity of the furnace

The article discusses the conceptual and practical areas of application of BIM-technologies when performing work on the inspection and restoration of buildings and structures affected by natural and man-made emergencies, as well as when modeling the consequences of natural disasters or man-made disasters. The methods of using BIM software systems in case of fires, earthquakes, floods, floods, as well as in organizing the evacuation of people and assessing damaged building structures are considered separately.

Keywords: emergencies, facility restoration, BIM technologies, man-made disasters, natural disasters, building surveys

The article is devoted to the analysis of sheet pile driving methods during the construction of a bank protection structure in dense urban areas. Four methods are considered in the paper: driving, vibration immersion (if necessary using leader drilling), indentation, vibroimpact. Comparative characteristics of the above methods of immersion are given. It is concluded that in conditions of dense urban development: a) the driving method is the least preferable, due to severe noise pollution and a negative impact on foundations near the work site; b) in the presence of dense soils, the methods of indentation or vibro-immersion are not suitable, and vibro-impact immersion should be used; c) in the presence of weak soils, it is possible to use both the indentation method and vibration immersion; d) in the conditions of a limited construction site, vibration immersion may be the best immersion method. The result of the work is the creation of a block diagram of the algorithm for choosing the method of piling for bank protection with heterogeneous soils.

Keywords: sheet piling, driving methods, leader drilling, bank protection, dense urban development.

This article proposes a way to automate work on the development of the construction schedule (CP) based on BIM-model. As an example we used the project of an oil well pad developed by VolgaTEKengineering LLC in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in 2019.

Keywords: construction, building information modeling, BIM, 3D, 4D, 5D, schedule, estimate

The article analyzes the use of various machines and equipment for performing cultural works in the process of reclamation construction, road construction, soil cultivation for further use in agriculture, forestry production. A new design of replaceable working equipment for removing single stumps is proposed, consisting of a cylindrical knife, a screw and a cleaver. During the production of works, the screw of the working equipment is screwed into the stump by means of a drive. The paper evaluates the economic efficiency of using this equipment in the technological complex of machines, taking into account the cost of work and the timing of their implementation. The analysis carried out on a limited volume of work showed not only a reduction in the cost of work performed by the proposed equipment as part of the Masha technological complex, but also the possibility of reducing the time of work.

Keywords: uprooting technology; single stump; stump cleaver, cylindrical knife

The Russian Federation is one of the leaders in the production and processing of oil, gas and petroleum products. Literally 100 years ago, mankind did not know how to properly, and most importantly carefully, store petroleum products. The construction of vertical steel tanks is different from the construction of ordinary (civil) buildings and structures. The specifics of the construction of reservoirs are discussed in this article.

Keywords: foundation, reservoir, oil, petroleum products, construction, frost heaving, permafrost, installation

The seismic activity of the zones through which the pipelines are laid has always caused serious concern. The analysis of emergency situations on pipeline systems caused by an earthquake revealed factors affecting their stability: longitudinal and transverse displacement of the soil, the effect of soil liquefaction, faults resulting in open cracks and shear deformations. To prevent damage to pipelines during seismic impact, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the impact on the pipeline structure, the required level of safety for this seismic impact. Currently, special attention is paid to structural solutions and materials from which pipelines are made. The conducted studies allow us to form an approach to assessing the operability of polyethylene and steel pipelines in earthquake-prone areas, and on the basis of a comparative analysis of their stability, to make recommendations on the use of pipelines under specified conditions.

Keywords: hydrocarbons, analysis, pipeline, reliability, seismic impact, deformation, composite materials

The method of drawing up a project for the conservation of fuel oil facilities related to hazardous production facilities (HIF) is discussed. An algorithm for the development of a real project for the conservation of structures equipped with technical devices, which are hazardous production facilities in the field of operation of explosive and chemically hazardous production facilities, is given. The article was written on the basis of the completed research work No. 21-216.

Keywords: oil production, conservation project, industrial safety expertise, buildings and structures, technical devices, building structures

The article considers the composition and procedure for conducting construction and technical studies to determine the quality of enclosing structures in the framework of judicial construction and technical expertise. Currently, a significant part of the court's questions when appointing a construction and technical expertise, one way or another, relate to the quality of individual structures or the building as a whole.

Keywords: forensic construction and technical expertise, technical condition, quality of building structures, non-destructive testing, destructive testing, visual inspection

The results of studies of the influence of various hardening conditions, incl. simulating conditions in the center of massive monolithic structures, for compressive and tensile strength, initial modulus of elasticity, hardening kinetics of self-compacting concrete of classes from B25 to B55. A classification of concretes according to the hardening kinetics is proposed, using as a criterion the time to reach a certain level from the design compressive strength under normal hardening conditions. The invariance of the dependence of the initial modulus of elasticity of the investigated concretes on the compressive strength on the age and type of concrete is established. A certain difference between the dependence "initial modulus of elasticity - ultimate compressive strength" and a lag in the rate of increase in tensile strength from the rate of increase in compressive strength of the studied concretes in the early period of hardening relative to traditional concretes of vibration compaction were revealed. It is shown that in the early period of hardening the studied concretes are characterized by a higher level of the conditional crack resistance criterion E0/Rt, which indicates to a certain extent a higher fragility of the studied concretes in this period.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, compressive and tensile strength, hardening kinetics, modulus of elasticity, crack resistance criterion

In the Russian Federation, there are settlements that can only be reached by special equipment: swamp walkers, SUVs. Permanent access to such settlements is hindered by swamps, rivers, etc. Temporary winter roads "autozymniki" are laid to such settlements in winter. The construction of "autozymers" includes several stages: the preparatory stage, the main stage of construction, operation of the autozymer and disposal. If a temporary winter road passes through swamps, then it is advisable to push such soils with tractors with widened tracks or tracked tractors. The article proposes the design of a articulated pneumatic roller for the construction of winter highways, and also carried out a design calculation including: calculation of resistance to movement, hydraulic calculation, selection of hydraulic equipment.

Keywords: winter road, machinery, automobile winter road, pneumatic roller, washing of swampy grounds, calculation

The construction of a Polar gas turbine power plant is carried out on permafrost soils. Features of the construction of reinforced concrete structures of foundations and other elements in the permafrost zone implies high requirements for strength, density and frost resistance. A new composition of the concrete mixture with improved physical and mechanical properties is proposed. Superplasticizing additives and production waste are used in the composition of the concrete mixture.

Keywords: foundation, permafrost, borehole piles, superplasticizer, sulfuric acid sludge, concrete mix, strength, frost resistance

The article discusses the features of pipeline construction in permafrost conditions. Classical technical methods of design and construction are economically unprofitable. It is necessary to introduce new design solutions that can significantly reduce the anthropogenic impact of the pipeline on permafrost soil with a minimum of construction and subsequent operation costs.

Keywords: pipelines, permafrost, special supports, thermal insulation of the pipeline, thermal stabilization