This article analyzes the main causes of fatal injuries in the construction industry of the Russian Federation and a number of other foreign countries, including falls from heights, electric shock, injuries associated with the use of construction machinery and mechanisms, as well as exposure to harmful substances. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of joint efforts by employers, employees and regulators to create a safer and healthier work environment in the construction industry. The implementation of the preventive measures described in the article can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and improve the well-being of employees.

Keywords: construction industry, industrial injuries, accidents, causes of injuries, working conditions, occupational risks, working at height, occupational safety, environmental factors, workplace organization, training

Technical solutions aimed at preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations in tunnel construction practice (in terms of laying utility lines or subways) are defined. Technical solutions are given taking into account their implementation in the conditions of structures under construction and in operation, characterized by a repeatable and predictable nature of occurrence.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

The article presents a method for determining the stress-strain state of pile foundations for metal supports of power transmission lines during technical examination of power grid facilities in the Far North. An example of calculation using the LIRA automatic software package is given. The most stressed sections of structures are determined. The prospect of using CAD during technical examination of power grid facilities is proved.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

Анализируется методика определения напряженно-деформированного состояния металлических опор линий электропередач при технической экспертизе объектов электросетевого хозяйства. Даётся пример расчета с использованием автоматического программного комплекса ЛИРА. Определяется наиболее напряженные участки конструкций. Расчётным способом подтверждается гипотеза о том, что трехгранное поперечное сечение траверсы портальной промежуточной опоры ВЛ 500 кВ экономичнее (эффективней) чем четырехгранное (классическое) поперечное сечение.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

The possibility of using expanded perlite dust (RUNWAY) in cement binder systems is being considered. A method for modifying the binder by joint mechanical activation of Portland cement, alumosilicate waste and hyperplasticizer is presented. The physico-chemical features of the modified runway make it possible to regulate the processes of hydration, phase formation, as well as the formation of the structural matrix of the composite. The compressive strength of the binder using RUNWAY as an active mineral additive increases by 36% with a decrease in density.

Keywords: technogenic raw materials, perlite, binder, dispersion, modification, mechanical activation, hydration, structure formation, phase formation, resource conservation

The article contains the methodology and results of theoretical and experimental studies of the stress-strain state of a conical radial-beam dome with triangular shell elements. The results obtained by various methods are analyzed and compared. The triangular membrane panel is part of the radial beam dome structure and consists of a support frame and a steel membrane in the shape of a triangle. The shape of the triangle forming the membrane panel can be different and depends on the number of ribs in the radial beam dome. The supporting contour is a compressed-bending element of the dome and is made, as a rule, from a rolled steel profile with a channel section. The membrane is made of thin steel sheet and attached to the upper flange of the channel with self-tapping screws or spot welding. To assess the strength and deformability of a steel membrane sheet, its operation under the action of a uniformly distributed snow load, an unevenly distributed snow load and a concentrated installation load was considered. Several options for nonlinear static calculations in various computer systems are shown.

Keywords: building structures, wooden structures, membrane panel, stress-strain state, radial beam dome, dome, membrane, design, experimental study

The results of a study of the influence of shrinkage deformations on the basic physical and mechanical properties of concrete are presented depending on various production and technological factors. The research methodology took into account the choice of the period of aging concrete in a dry, hot climate to study the influence of physical processes in concrete on its physical and mechanical properties. The influence of shrinkage deformations on the strength characteristics of concrete was studied. an increase in the intensity of mass transfer processes between concrete and the environment leads to an increase in destructive shrinkage deformations, mainly plastic shrinkage of concrete, which lead to changes in the structure and physical and mechanical properties of mature concrete. The consistency of the concrete mixture also influences the amount of strength reduction. with a greater value of plastic shrinkage of concrete, its compressive and tensile strength in bending decreases. the destructive effect of plastic shrinkage on concrete caused depends on a number of technological factors (consistency of the concrete mixture, w/c, temperature and humidity hardening conditions, etc.).

Keywords: curing period, mass transfer processes, plastic shrinkage, concrete structure, concrete strength, reconstruction, buildings and structures

The article discusses proposals for improving the use of discharge-pulse technology in the construction of boron-injection piles and camouflage widenings of bored piles with diameters of more than 300 mm. The application of voltages on the electrode system of a pulse current generator from 10 to 50 kV and an electric capacity of about 300 UF is considered. It has been found that in the case of using a relatively low voltage on the electrodes and an increase in the electrical capacity of the capacitor bank, the duration of the shock wave pressure on the ground increases several times. This contributes to a more intensive penetration of the liquid hardening material into the intergranular space of the near-well soil massif. It is proposed to use solutions using slag-alkali binders as a hardening material in the formation of boron-injection piles. Such solutions have greater fluidity compared to cement solutions and, when hardened, form a stone with greater strength and density. The article presents data from experimental studies confirming the increased strength (R = 130 MPa) and frost resistance of a solution prepared on slag-alkali binders, as well as data on determining their corrosion resistance to various aggressive media contained in groundwater. The possibility of stable breakdown of the interelectrode gap in aqueous solutions of slag-alkali media of various consistencies has been established, optimal energy parameters of the discharge have been determined for maximum effect of fixing the soils of the foundations.

Keywords: foundations, drilling piles, discharge-pulse technology, slag-alkali binders

The creative function of architecture is characterized primarily by practical and creative display, impact, redefinition, organization the available space: from settlement systems to individual architectural objects. At the beginning of the 21st century, architectural activity again finds itself in a turning point, in connection with the information revolution, the active development at the post-industrial society and globalization, which accompany and force a shift in the main paradigms in the architectural styles of the past century. The conditions of global information, technological and cultural integration create the need to change the logic for traditional (classical) techniques at the formation an architectural space. The purpose of the research is to analyze the possibilities at the peculiarities for applying traditional and innovative techniques and means in implementing creative ideas for the results of architectural activity. The research hypothesis includes the assumption that it is necessary to integrate modern capabilities, primarily in the field information (digital) technologies into creative activities to form an architectural space of various sizes and purposes. As a result of the research, areas of rational application of traditional and innovative methods of organizing architectural space were identified.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

Defensive structures of the Middle Ages were (and are) unique objects both in historical, architectural, and engineering terms. They intertwine the eras of many peoples and ethnic groups. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

The article analyzes the features of aspects of architectural activity in relation to the integration of cultural heritage objects into the structure of the modern urban environment. The cultural and historical environment, expressed in the format of material and artistic and aesthetic symbols and formations, remains a significant urban planning factor, a material objects of cultural heritage (subject-spatial structure of the cultural environment) they are considered as the most important city-forming elements that are in continuous interaction with other functional zones of the urban environment. Reorganization of the historical part of the urban environment or integration of objects of cultural and historical heritage the functional and territorial framework of a modern city appears to be multifactorial, a complex and responsible task of architectural design.

Keywords: modern architecture, urban environment, cultural and historical resource, traditions, heritage and modernity

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that historical areas of cities and individual buildings that are objects of historical and architectural heritage were once built on pile foundations. Until the beginning of the 20th century, wooden elements, usually up to 9.0 m long, were laid as piles at the base of buildings and structures, which over a long period of operation received defects and damage in the form of damage by soft rot up to the complete destruction of the heads. The purpose of the work is to study the stress-strain state of the pile foundation at successive stages of development of defects and damage. The work systematizes the results of examinations of wooden piles and other elements located in the ground for a long time; laboratory studies of the actual operation of piles in water-saturated silt-clay soils were carried out. The results of field and laboratory studies are included in the calculation apparatus implemented by the finite element method in an elastoplastic formulation. The authors showed the actual operation of pile foundations of historical and architectural heritage objects at successive stages of pile damage and obtained a calculation model at the stage of complete destruction of the pile heads. Laboratory and theoretical studies have shown that in the modern practice of preserving objects of historical and architectural heritage, there is a vicious practice, which consists in the fact that they often strengthen the foundations in cases where there is no need for this, and sometimes it is even harmful.

Keywords: cultural heritage sites, artificial foundations, piles, wood, water-saturated soils, structures, technical expertise

The article analyzes the utopian context in architectural activity. Concepts aimed at finding and organizing an "ideal world" remain an urgent topic and feature of architectural thinking. The creative genre of utopia undergoes the next stage of genesis in modern conditions, in which utopian ideas and concepts are accompanied by theoretical and practical methods of predicting possible results, which allows not only to overcome the principle of the initial impracticability of utopia, but also to propose possible strategies for their practical implementation. The utopian approach to displaying the features of the properties and states of an intricate architectural image is becoming an especially important and noticeable phenomenon in the context of the formation and development of a global information and communication society focused on the full use of a variety of innovative technologies.

Keywords: architectural activity, creative process, image, utopia, harmony, future, ideal world, information technology, innovation, digital models, virtual design environment

The assumptions of mathematical models for calculating the crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures are considered. For each of them, an analysis was carried out to determine whether they correspond to reality throughout the entire life cycle of the structure: from the hardening of the concrete mix to destruction. Based on the results of the analysis, it was proposed to use only one single calculation at the level of standards to assess the crack resistance of structures - according to the crack opening width, acrc. So, for example, at a certain value of acrc, the structure will still remain airtight (the cracks will be non-through), and if this value is exceeded, it will not. At the same time, the calculations already available in the norms for limiting permeability and the safety of reinforcement will still remain in demand. At the junction of the theory of damage accumulation and nonlinear fracture mechanics, a compressed algorithm is proposed for possibly taking into account the influence of cracks at all scale levels of the concrete structure, the key for which is the normalization of the statistical parameters of the distribution of discontinuities by diameters, lengths, openings, depths, directions, distances between discontinuities, etc.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, crack resistance, cracking moment, crack width, plasticity coefficient, damageability, non-linear fracture mechanics

The Kazan Kremlin is a unique object in its historical heritage. It intertwined epochs of many peoples and ethnic groups. Arising as a parking lot, and then as a Finno-Ugric settlement, it developed as a Bulgarian, Tatar and Russian fortress. The last so-called Russian era is rich in its diversity. References have been preserved in the sources and a lot of literature has been written about it. This publication gives the main points of the development of the fortress in the second half of the 16th - 18th centuries.

Keywords: Kazan Kremlin, fortifications, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development