The article considers the problems of using construction materials of improper quality in Russia. The concepts of sub-standard, fraudulent and counterfeit construction materials (SFC materials) are defined. The distinctive features of SFC products in the construction materials market and the consequences of non-compliance with general requirements for their quality are highlighted. Features of digital marking of construction materials in Russia are analyzed. Key problems of incoming inspection made by the contractor and their causes are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of the incoming inspection system for construction materials.

Keywords: construction materials, quality, fraudulent products, counterfeit products, labeling, safety of buildings and structures, construction control, incoming inspection

The article discusses some methods for the construction of long-span coverings from precast reinforced concrete elements and prefabricated steel structures. To systematize these design and technological solutions and determine the effectiveness of their application based on the parameters of manufacturability, a comparative analysis was carried out. The construction technologies were compared according to the following parameters: specific and total labor intensity, the level of mechanization, the total number of elements, the average and maximum mass of one element, the total mass of the mounted elements, and the equilibrium coefficient. The analysis showed that for reinforced concrete structures, installation in blocks is most effective, involving preliminary enlargement at ground level, followed by lifting and installation in the design position. Precast reinforced concrete shells have a higher level of mechanization and a degree of equilibrium, which makes it possible to use crane equipment efficiently, but due to their considerable weight, they require the use of supporting structures and high-load cranes. The installation of prefabricated steel structures in its entirety with preliminary enlargement at ground level is the least laborious, but the need to install a large number of low-mass piece elements reduces manufacturability.

Keywords: installation of long-span structures, installation of triple-layer rotational shells of double curvature, installation of steel beam structures, installation of a spatial structural roof unit, installation of the entire roof structure as a single unit

The article provides a justification for the concept of a folding system for a prefabricated residential module based on wooden structures. An analysis of foreign analogues of prefabricated transformable wooden buildings and an assessment of the possibility of their use in northern climatic conditions has been performed. A transformation system for a prefabricated wooden module for use in northern and Arctic conditions is proposed and substantiated.

Keywords: low-rise housing construction, transformation, transformation of low-rise residential buildings, prefabricated transformable buildings, pre-manufactured at the factory, high degree of factory readiness

Cities prone to natural disasters face the problem of accumulating large volumes of construction waste, which is heavy and poses a source of environmental pollution and a risk to human health. This is especially true for countries in the Middle East, such as Iraq and Syria, which have suffered heavy damage as a result of conflicts and natural disasters. The presence of this waste affects the emergency response process, including the access of emergency services to the affected area and the inability to search for and save lives, and poor management of this waste leads to a negative impact on the cost and time of the recovery process. On the other hand, this waste also offers new opportunities: it can contain valuable materials such as concrete and steel, which can be either a source of income or a source of reconstruction materials, and reduce the consumption of natural resources through reuse and recycling. The aim of this study is to analyze the reconstruction process, including construction waste management, and identify the problems and obstacles that prevent local authorities from effectively implementing their reconstruction plans, as well as to present solutions to combat the huge amount of construction waste that has accumulated over the years.

Keywords: Inspection of structural elements, reinforced concrete, defects of monolithic structures, cracks, reinforcement corrosion, repair, concrete quality, cold joint, monolithic construction, concrete surface quality

The purpose of this study is to develop a new approach to determining the causes of deformation cracks in brick walls and light concrete blocks, which will increase the accuracy of expert research in case of disputes. In the process of theoretical research, methods of analysis and the results of field observations were used. The results of this study include a proposal to use the concept of "damage formation mechanism", which represents the relationship between the damaging factor as a consequence and the cause of its occurrence, which preceded the consequence. The classification of deformation cracks has been updated. The results of the study are of practical importance for specialists in the field of inspection of buildings and structures to determine the cause-effect relationship of the formation of deformation cracks. The expanded classification of deformation cracks has theoretical significance, since it complements the existing concepts of damage.

Keywords: cracks, deformation cracks, types of cracks, classification of cracks, causal relationship, damaging factor, mechanism of damage formation

As a result of changes in regulatory documents on acceptance of residential premises, there is a need to develop illustrative methodological materials that would allow the future owner to independently, i.e. without the involvement of an external qualified specialist, to perform the acceptance of the apartment, pointing out to the representative of the developer involved in the acceptance of significant construction defects. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of construction defects in residential premises and to identify the most common defects in this structure, which will allow the future owner to independently perform the acceptance of the apartment. In the article, based on the analysis of a significant number of claims from apartment owners to the builder and the results of the authors' research in the scope of forensic examinations and pre-trial construction-technical investigations, the structure of construction defects, which are massively identified in the process of acceptance of apartments, is defined and presented. The groups of defects that are most frequently encountered in practice are presented. To ensure the clarity of practical use of the obtained analytical materials, a list of mass construction defects identified in the process of acceptance of residential premises, indicating their category necessary for making a decision on the mandatory elimination of defects is defined.

Keywords: acceptance of apartments, construction defects, structure, defect groups, construction defect, substantial defect, non-substantial defect, building and technical expertise, translucent construction, engineering networks, finishing of premises

The article examines methods of surface stabilization of loess slopes subject to erosion and landslides. The authors consider the use of soil concrete based on slag-alkaline binder using local loess as a filler. Experiments were conducted with various binder compositions, including liquid glass with different modules and sodium hydroxide, which made it possible to determine the optimal parameters for achieving high strength and frost resistance. For decorative purposes, the use of natural pigments, such as siderites, providing color stability, is proposed. The practical part of the work includes a description of the technology of pneumatic spraying of soil concrete to create monolithic lattice structures.

Keywords: loess slopes, soil concrete, slag-alkali binder, liquid glass, frost resistance, pneumatic spraying, decorative pigments

The article explores a model in which it is possible to predict the timing of obsolescence of a construction site. The purpose of the described techniques is to ensure stable operation and reliable operation of facilities. The presented methodological approaches make it possible to improve the accuracy of the assessment of degradation processes, covering both technical elements and structural parts of buildings and infrastructure systems. The article focuses on effective tools and methods used to survey the current state of real estate, as well as to anticipate changes in their performance over time. The paper considers the application of a generalized computational wear scheme that demonstrates changes in the organization and destruction of building elements throughout the service life. This scheme takes into account the continuous influence of external conditions on the structure of the structure. The universal formula proposed for the analysis serves as a research tool and displays the course of changes in the state of technical systems under the influence of prolonged loads.

Keywords: organizational and technological solutions, reliability, quality control, monitoring of compliance with standards, efficiency, production costs

The article considers the issues of increasing road safety in urban development in winter. The causes of snow and ice deposits and their impact on the comfort and safety of traffic, including pedestrians, are considered. A review of modern snow melting and road surface heating systems is provided, with the most effective examples of road surface heating projects being given. A comparative analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of road surface heating systems is performed, using a 1000 m2 car park as an example. Recommendations are given for the use of road surface heating systems.

Keywords: highways, hydrothermal systems, electrical systems, road surface heating

The article considers issues related to the development of the territories of the Far North and the Arctic, namely, issues of ensuring transport accessibility of the northern regions. The issues of relevance and demand for the construction of winter roads and ice crossings are considered. The features of the construction and operation of winter roads are studied. The main methods of strengthening and extending the service life of winter roads are considered and analyzed. Options for strengthening winter roads and ice crossings with geosynthetic materials are proposed and substantiated. Recommendations are given to reduce the environmental impact of measures to strengthen winter roads on the environment.

Keywords: winter roads, ice crossings, ice coverings, strengthening, reinforcement

Polymer composite materials have been widely used in the construction industry. Currently, these materials are used to restore the operability of buildings and structures, regardless of their functional purpose. To date, the production process is carried out manually and in this regard, there is a need to develop tooling and organizational and technological methods to strengthen structures with polymer-composite materials that increase labor productivity. Due to the insufficient amount of research in this area, the regulatory documentation regulating the procedure for performing quality control of construction and installation works at all stages of restoration of building structures with polymer-composite materials is very limited. In this article, typical solutions for strengthening building structures are considered, various types of polymer-composite materials used in reinforcement are indicated, and the structure of the reinforcement process is described. In addition, an assessment of the time spent in the production of work manually and using small-scale mechanization with the use of additional equipment was carried out. It should also be noted that based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, issues requiring a systematic approach to their solution have been identified. The development and improvement of the regulatory framework, organizational and technological solutions will ensure the further development and application of composite materials in the construction industry.

Keywords: reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement, composite materials, technological solutions, entrance control, operational control, acceptance control

In the process of civil engineering, the role of the technical client is extremely important, since it is he who ensures control and coordination of all stages of construction, from the development of project documentation to commissioning of the facility. However, despite the importance of this role, technical client activities often face problems associated with ineffective management, high costs, schedule delays and quality deficiencies. Optimizing its activities can significantly increase the efficiency of the project and reduce risks. This article provides an analysis of possible ways to optimize the work of a technical client. Considered methods using modern software, training and improving the abilities of personnel, Total Quality Management and Lean Construction.

Keywords: technical client, project efficiency, civil engineering process management, lean construction

The aim of the research is to develop defect catalogs of single building structures for operational digital building information models. The importance of standardization of defect description for improving the efficiency of life cycle management of capital construction objects is emphasized. The study of existing software solutions is carried out, their limitations in the context of defects accounting are revealed. A catalog of defects including visualization and description of key parameters is developed using Renga software. The presented results demonstrate the potential of digitalization of diagnostics and repair planning processes, as well as the need for further development of functional capabilities of BIM-tools to account for dynamic changes in the state of structures.

Keywords: operational digital information model, defects of building structures, defect catalog, defect classifier

This article presents a conceptual framework for assessing the maturity of construction control and supervision systems at construction sites. A multi-level assessment model has been developed, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. A five-level taxonomic system for grading the maturity of regulatory mechanisms in the construction industry is proposed. The procedures for forming a hierarchical structure of assessment indicators, constructing judgment matrices, determining weight coefficients, and applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantify the maturity level of supervision systems are described in detail. The developed methodology represents a universal tool for conducting comparative analysis of construction control and state supervision systems in various national and regional jurisdictions based on objective quantified criteria.

Keywords: construction control, state supervision, maturity model, Analytic Hierarchy Process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, quantification, assessment indicators

The article is devoted to the study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of alluvial sandy soils in the process of strengthening, in order to improve the efficiency of development of floodplain-alluvial territories for construction after the completion of the alluvial process. The studies were conducted in the territory of the Khabarovsk region, where the thickness of the alluvial layers was 2.5–5.5 meters. The study made it possible to substantiate the optimal timing for the start of construction on alluvial territories and to develop a method for assessing the mechanical properties of the soil, increasing the reliability of construction solutions.

Keywords: alluvial soil, stage of diagenesis, alluvial map, penetrometer, granulometric composition, pit, sounding borehole, conditional dynamic resistance of soil

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of defects in monolithic reinforced concrete structures, commonly encountered during the construction of multi-storey buildings. The main types of defects and damage are discussed, such as cracks, concrete spalling, destruction of the protective layer, exposure and corrosion of reinforcement bars, formation of cavities, concrete overflow, gravelly texture, geometric deviations, and cold joints in concreting. Their general description, causes of occurrence, classifications, parameters, and consequences for the operational characteristics of the structures are presented. Special attention is given to modern diagnostic methods and repair technologies, which significantly extend the service life of buildings and enhance their safety throughout their lifecycle. The results presented can be used by engineers, builders, and repair specialists to optimize construction processes, control the quality of work, and ensure the timely elimination of identified defects.

Keywords: Inspection of structural elements, reinforced concrete, defects of monolithic structures, cracks, reinforcement corrosion, repair, concrete quality, cold joint, monolithic construction, concrete surface quality

A project is a single system, an interconnected network of elements: participants, resources, processes, and goals. This relationship is critically important for successful implementation by the technical customer service. Processes that are clearly defined and managed ensure consistency and efficiency. Therefore, project design and management requires a systematic approach that takes into account all relationships and strives to optimize each element to achieve a common goal. A system approach is a method that considers a problem or task in terms of its interrelationships and interactions of all elements of the system. In the context of a technical customer service, this approach can be particularly useful for project management, process optimization, and work efficiency improvement.

Keywords: construction project, technical customer, planning, technologies, risks, system approach, project management, documentation of processes, construction site, system

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of redesigning industrial buildings in Moscow in the context of urban development of the city. Based on data from the Moscow Department of Investment and Industrial Policy (2023), the current state of industrial zones (hereinafter referred to as industrial zones) is being investigated: 25% of the 150 facilities have already been redeveloped, and over 80 enterprises have been moved outside the MKAD since 2010. Successful transformations (ZIL, Hammer and Sickle, Red October) and criteria for choosing new functionality are considered: location, historical value, ecology, transport accessibility. Using cartographic data, promising areas for renovation (AZLK plant, Compressor, Rubber) have been identified and options for their adaptation have been proposed, from creative clusters to residential complexes. The role of redevelopment in the sustainable development of the city, the need to comply with environmental standards and take into account the needs of local communities is emphasized.

Keywords: Redevelopment, industrial buildings, urban spaces, renovation, industrial heritage, urban development, environmental standards, creative clusters, residential development, public spaces, urban planning policy, industrial zone, sustainable development

The article is devoted to the topic of improving the environmental characteristics of construction sites through the introduction of the principles of "green" construction through a comprehensive assessment of various criteria. Compliance with environmental standards contributes to the creation of a favorable urban environment and ensures comfortable living conditions for residents. The introduction of such approaches is becoming extremely important for sustainable development and the preservation of the natural balance.

Keywords: Green construction, ecological construction, life cycle, construction, multi-criteria decision-making.

The article discusses the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the development of organizational and technological solutions for quality control of structures built using the "white bath" technology in civil engineering. The characteristic of this technology as a method of integrated waterproofing based on the use of waterproof concrete and a joint sealing system without the use of external protective coatings is presented. Attention is paid to identifying factors affecting the quality of the structure, including the composition of the concrete mix, the conditions of production and laying of concrete, the design and installation of joints. The paper proposes a methodology for building a quality control system that includes a step-by-step process management algorithm, formalization of evaluation criteria using mathematical modeling, and consideration of current regulatory requirements. The practical implementation of the proposed solutions at a specific construction site demonstrated a reduction in the proportion of defects, an increase in the strength of concrete and the water resistance of the structure, and an improvement in the technical and economic performance of construction. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of a number of key parameters is presented. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of introducing the "white bath" technology in a complex hydrogeological environment and the high practical significance of the developed organizational and technological solutions is confirmed. The work is aimed at specialists in the construction industry, designers, engineers and the scientific community involved in improving the reliability and durability of concrete structures.

Keywords: white bath, concrete, waterproofing, quality control, seams, water resistance, sealing, technology, building structure, additive, seal, strength, model, standard, defect

The article reviews and analyzes the methods of electrical treatment of hardening mixture with direct current, high-voltage field and non-uniform field, used in construction technology during the construction of buildings from monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete to protect forming surfaces from adhesion to hardening concrete, reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures from corrosion, cleaning of forming surfaces, etc.

Keywords: concrete mixture, physical, mechanical and technological properties of concrete, electrical processing, monolithic structures, precast reinforced concrete structures

The technology of ensuring accident-free operation of tunnels and underground structures is presented. An analysis of various technical solutions currently used in the open and semi-closed method of constructing underground structures for transport purposes is given. Methods for reducing the occurrence of emergency situations during the operation of tunnels and underground structures are proposed.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

The article examines the optimization of processes for receiving and transferring design and working documentation in contracting construction organizations using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies. The current state of document management in construction is analyzed, and problem areas of traditional approaches are identified. A concept for implementing BIM in document management processes is proposed, along with an algorithm for documentation transfer and regulations for interaction between construction process participants. The results of testing the developed solutions on a pilot project are presented, confirming their effectiveness. Promising directions for further research in this field are determined.

Keywords: building information modeling, design documentation, working documentation, construction production, common data environment

The article considers the types of risks in the implementation of an investment and construction project. The dependence of the duration of work on the resources spent on their implementation is derived. As a result of the study, it was found that for planning and risk control it is necessary to interconnect all possible types of risks; to exclude their occurrence during the implementation of the project, careful preparation and development of project documentation is necessary, including the adoption of organizational and technological solutions for the production of work. It is also important to draw up a competent calendar planning, where the time of work for each team on each private front of the facility is necessarily calculated and justified, taking into account the existing captures, plots. With an increase in the duration of the critical path (critical paths), it is necessary to optimize the flow of maximum duration with a possible change in the organization of work.

Keywords: risks in construction planning, risk control, investment and construction project, organizational risk, organizational and technological solutions

Monolithic reinforced concrete structures are widely used in construction practice. When concreting massive structures, technological and organizational difficulties may arise in ensuring the continuity of the concrete mix, which leads to the need to organize working joints. Studies conducted earlier show a decrease in strength characteristics in this area and the bearing capacity of the entire structure. Known and practical solutions to the problem cause additional labor, material and time costs. In this paper, we propose a method for installing a technological seam caused by unplanned interruptions in concreting for technological and organizational reasons, based on previously conducted experimental and pilot studies by the author of this article. The proposed method consists in the fact that, when a break occurs, subsequent concreting is carried out with a break from the previously concreted section, while a stepped profile is formed with the help of fasteners, as a result of which a space is organized bounded by the surface of the first and second concreted sections and a formwork of a shape close to pyramidal, similar to the run-in fines, during the construction of brickwork. After holding the concrete of both sections and dismantling the cut-offs, a concrete mixture of the same class on Portland cement is laid within the free space of the applied slag-alkali solution with the characteristics: slag with a basicity modulus of more than 1.0; an alkaline solution with a hydrogen index level above 12.0. The technological features of performing forced seam concreting according to the proposed method are given.

Keywords: concrete contact zone, technological concreting joint, unplanned concreting working joint, monolithic reinforced concrete structures