The article reproduces and supplements the experience of modeling and determining the optimal angle of inclination of the lattice with an estimate of the total lengths of the elements, the greatest forces, displacements and natural frequencies for computer models of various configurations. The possibility of using this system in civil construction with the use of volume-block technology of building construction is described. This article will be useful for design engineers involved in the design and calculation of high-rise buildings, bulk-block or modular buildings made of reinforced concrete and metal structures.

Keywords: diagrid, mesh load-bearing structures, reinforced concrete structure, metal structures, stability, computer model, high-rise buildings, bulk-block, prefabricated module

Based on the Bayes approach, a representative number of experimental measurements was determined when assessing the quality of the environment, in particular, when monitoring the quality of the atmosphere and checking the compliance with the standard for the accumulation of solid municipal waste

Keywords: Bayesian approach, quality control, experimental measurement, a priori data, a posteriori data, distribution density

The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for recognizing shrinkage defects on metal alloys. The steps for image processing are described. When analyzing the algorithm, a description is presented for each step, followed by a software implementation. The final step, after using the methods of the algorithm, is to count the contours of the defects. To demonstrate the functionality of the software, random photos of the metal body in the section were taken, where defects in the form of gas pores can be directly observed. The software, with the correct selection of input data, processes the image with high accuracy, minimizing errors in calculating defects. Using the proposed algorithms reduces the diagnostic time. The article presents a comparative description of the manual and automated methods, showing the effectiveness of the second method in comparison with the first. To write the software, the Python 3.7 programming language was used, as well as the OpenCV computer vision algorithms library.

Keywords: defect detection, computer vision algorithms, OpenCV, metal defects, shrinkage defects

Reducing energy consumption in the design, installation and operation of engineering networks is implemented in the process of implementing investment construction projects. An energy service contract, like any economic agreement, requires a feasibility study. When strengthening the thermal protection of a building, it is necessary to determine both the design of the fences and translucent structures, and the payback period of the investment. The objective of the research is to develop and analyze a mathematical model of heat losses depending on the characteristics of the resistance to heat transfer of walls, windows and balcony doors. Classical dependencies do not allow applying standard mathematical analysis procedures. It is proposed to use a power function that assumes the availability of differentiation. The paper substantiates the form of such a function and provides an extended analysis of the effect of changes in the resistance to heat transfer of building structures on the transmission heat losses of a building, which allows arguing for the adoption of optimal technical and economic decisions.

Keywords: energy-saving construction project, thermal protection of buildings, indifference curves, mathematical model of heat loss

The results of the study of fluctuations of the center of mass of the car UAZ "Hunter" during its movement on the support surface with different height of road irregularities: asphalt-concrete surface and off-road are given. The study uses Simulink simulation.

Keywords: Center of mass fluctuations, vehicle, simulation, Simulink

The purpose of our work was to search for possible options for the secondary use of destroyed brick buildings and structures. We conducted tests to verify the strength characteristics of bricks taken from the sites of reconstruction and complete demolition of buildings and structures. In the course of which, conclusions were drawn about the possibilities of further use of brick scrap from different places of demolition of building structures.

Keywords: demolition, scrap, building, structure, brick, recycling, testing, strength, recycling, iron concrete

This article discusses the issue of planning the sequence of construction of buildings in the quarter development. The authors analyzed and classified the factors that can influence the choice of the sequence of construction of objects in complex development. An algorithm for planning the construction sequence is proposed, which the considered factors are included in the model, taking into account the ranking of their significance.

Keywords: stream method, quarter development, line arrangement, quarterly arrangement, sequence of construction, situational factor, unforeseen factor, social factor, production factor

For the statically indeterminate systems under consideration, there is an optimal ratio between the load-bearing capacity of stretched and out-of-center compressed elements, in which the required reliability will be provided at the lowest value of the mathematical expectation of an external destructive load. It should also be noted that for statically indeterminate systems, the beginning of rebar fluidity is not a sign of destruction, but only indicates the beginning of an intensive redistribution of forces in it. Therefore, the values of C, do not refer to the beginning of the rebar flow, but to the complete exhaustion of the load-bearing capacity. The reliability of statically undetectable systems, including prestressed trusses, is always higher, all other things being equal, than that of statically definable systems.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete structures, statically indeterminate systems, reliability

The article is devoted to the importance and relevance of the development of underground space, today in large cities there is an acute shortage of areas free from development, as well as the high traffic congestion with personal cars, these and many other problems can be solved through the integrated development of underground space. The classification of underground structures is given. The organizational and technical problems of construction below the zero cycle are indicated. Examples of competent use of underground space in the world are considered. Benefits of construction below zero cycle are also noted. The objects, the construction of which is promising underground, are described. Attention is drawn to the climatic and anthropogenic factors taken into account during construction. In conclusion, the measures that need to be taken for the development of the underground space of our cities are considered.

Keywords: development of underground space urban studies, organization of construction of underground structures, urban space, cramped urban development, organizational and technical problems

A method for determining the optimal value of the heat transfer resistance of a three-layer exterior wall of a country cottage building is presented. As an optimization criterion, the specific consumption of thermal energy for the weekly cycle of operation of the building is selected. As a result of the study of the function describing the total specific energy consumption for heat loss compensation and heating of 1 m2 of the outer wall, an analytical expression was obtained to determine the optimal value of the heat transfer resistance. Based on the obtained solution, the thickness of the monolithic expanded clay concrete used as a structural and thermal insulation material in the outer wall is optimized. An analytical relationship is obtained to evaluate the energy-saving effect due to additional insulation of the outer wall of a country cottage.

Keywords: intermittent heating, heat transfer resistance, enclosing structure, energy consumption, heat protection characteristics

The object of the research, the result of which is the presented work, is a comprehensive system of spatial data of the railway infrastructure, within which a high-precision system of coordinates of the Russian Railways has been created, and methods definition of normal heights in the Baltic Heights System 1977. The strategy and prospects for the development of high-speed transport highways (VSM) have been described. Methods for determining normal heights at research sites are given.

Keywords: monitoring, buildings, facilities, engineering and geodesic research, laser scanning, GNSS receivers, design, construction, observations, geodesic measurements

The paper presents studies of the state of biologically active filtering material - vermicompost in the working area of ​​the aeration station at closed sewage treatment plants with an increased concentration of sulfur dioxide. The assessment of the filtering sorption properties was carried out using bioindication methods, namely, germination of test seeds under conditions of an increased content of sulfur dioxide. The bioindication method is considered fast and accurate, it allows to obtain reproducible results.Oat seeds, wheat seeds - representatives of monocotyledonous plants, as well as radish seeds - a dicotyledonous plant, were used as test seeds, as they are highly sensitive to harmful effects. The experiment took place in four stages with different time intervals. The indicator is the average length of development of the root system in the tested water compared to the control. The results showed that 60% of normal germination was recorded in monocotyledonous seeds, and 90% of normally germinated seeds were recorded in dicotyledons. According to the well-known method, the non-toxic properties of vermicompost was assessed based on the lengths of shoots and seed roots, which can be used as a load in installations for the biochemical purification of gases emitted into the air of the working area from closed wastewater treatment facilities. Such an installation can be a biofilter. Thus, the thickness of the load, the height of each of its constituent layers, affects the degree of its efficiency.

Keywords: sulfur dioxide, bioindication, closed treatment facilities, waste water, test seeds, germination of seeds, vermicompost

The possibilities of using volcanic tuff as an additive in pressed cement-mineral composites intended for road construction are studied. The influence of low-modulus mineral additives of trepel, granulated blast furnace slag and volcanic tuff on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened composites is studied. The rational compositions of the molding masses of the optimal structure of cement-mineral composites providing the improvement of physical and mechanical properties are determined.

Keywords: small-piece pressed products, hard pressing, cement-mineral composites, paving slabs, screenings, volcanic tuff, trepel, granulated blast furnace slag, structure-forming additive, decaying strength

The design documentation was developed, the layout was made, and an experimental study of the direction-finding receiver was conducted. A functional diagram and a description of the design are given. The method of the experiment is given. Shows the achievement of the following parameters: operating frequency range: centimeter; the dynamic range of the signals at the entrance 48 dB; the duration of the received pulses is not less than 0.1 µs; the irregularity of amplitude-frequency characteristics of not more than 5 dB.

Keywords: direction finding receiver, logarithmic receiver, amplitude-frequency response, amplitude response, dynamic range

A model of passenger traffic movement is proposed that is suitable for identifying hidden patterns in the processes of passenger flow creation. The passenger flow is divided into four components, for which separate passenger flow submodels are developed: quasi-deterministic passenger flow from leaving stops to points of mass attraction of passengers; stochastic hourly passenger flow from each arrival stop to different districts of the city; stochastic flow that models the distribution of passengers between final stops in accordance with the degree of popularity of stops; chaotic distribution of passenger traffic between stops with a small number of daily visits. The results of calculations of the quasi-deterministic passenger traffic submodel from leaving stops to points of mass passenger attraction are estimated.

Keywords: passenger transport, passenger traffic models, passenger behavior patterns, modeling