The article presents the results of comparing numerical modeling of wooden structures with laboratory and full-scale tests. In the course of the work, numerical models of the material were created in the Ansys Workbench software package from volumetric finite elements with a variant set of physico-mechanical parameters simulating the behavior of real wood. The simulation parameters were based on the laboratory testing results of a solid wood beam. The simulation results were compared with the full-scale test results of a composite wood slab. Modeling of constructions was carried out in the form of linear, bilinear and multilinear models.

Keywords: solid wood beam, composite wood slab, bilinear finite element model, multilinear finite element model, stress-strain state

The article is a review, devoted to the instruments used for the experimental study of the stress-strain state of the soil base, and methods of their use. The authors considered two types of mesdoses, analyzed the possible advantages of their different designs. General cases of operation and loss of bearing capacity of shallow foundations are described.

Keywords: Foundation, construction, shallow foundation, soil mechanics, building structures, soil stress measuring device

The article is an overview and is devoted to shallow foundations. The authors classify existing shallow foundations according to various criteria; consider non-standard foundations with an "atypical" structure that is rarely used in construction; emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of certain solutions, their features.

Keywords: foundation, construction, shallow foundation, strip foundation, column foundation, building structures

The article is devoted to the issue of effective design solutions for shallow foundations. Options for optimizing standard designs of strip and columnar foundations are considered. A new configuration of the foundation with a stepped sole is proposed, which has a greater bearing capacity and less resource intensity. This effect is achieved due to a more uniform distribution of contact stresses along the base of the foundation and the accumulation of significant lateral friction. Due to the cross-sectional shape of such foundations, the volume of excavation and formwork is significantly reduced.

Keywords: foundation, construction, shallow foundation, strip foundation, column foundation, modified geometry, non-planar footing, soil mechanics, construction efficiency