Calculation and analytical studies have been carried out on the influence of the duration of operation of nuclear power plants (NPP) when extending their service life on radiation and radiation-thermal changes of volume and compressive strength in serpentinite concrete of “dry” radiation-thermal shield (hereinafter referred to as “dry” shield) of Water-Water Energetic Reactors (WWER /VVER) different power. Concrete based on typical serpentinite aggregate from the Bazhenov deposit, used for the production for concrete of “dry” shield, is considered. It has been established that with increasing operating duration, radiation changes of the serpentinite concretes in “dry” shield of NPPs with VVER will generally increase monotonically and, in terms of volume changes, can become commensurate with or even exceed permissible values. In this regard, radiation changes in the concrete of «dry» shield should be taken into account when extending the operating life of nuclear power plants. It has been shown that radiation changes in the concrete of “dry” shield for NPPs with VVER-440 are 2 - 4 times more significant than of “dry” shield concrete for NPPs with VVER-1000. Radiation changes in the concrete of "dry" shield increase with decreasing average operating temperature. Thermal changes in serpentinite concretes of "dry" shield when exposed to operational and emergency temperatures increase with temperature and make a significant contribution to radiation-thermal changes in dry-shield concretes. The results obtained can be used to establish the permissible period for extending the operation of nuclear power plants with reactors of the VVER 440 and VVER-1000 types based on radiation-thermal changes in serpentinite concrete of "dry" shield.

Keywords: radiation, thermal, radiation-thermal changes, serpentinite concrete, “dry” radiation-thermal shield, water-water energetic reactors, extension of the operating life of NPP

The article discusses approaches to solving natural language processing problems such as extracting key concepts or terms, as well as semantic relationships between them to build data-driven IT solutions. The subject of the work is relevant due to the constant growth of volumes of low-structured and unstructured digital text. The extracted information can be used to improve numerous processes: automatic tagging, optimization of content search, construction of word clouds and navigation sections; furthermore, to create draft versions of dictionaries, thesauri, and even bases for expert systems.

Keywords: natural language processing, term, lemma, semantical relationship, statistical processing, machine learning, word2vec

Computational and analytical studies of the influence of the duration of operation of nuclear power plants during the extension of their operation on the radiation changes in the concrete of the shaft of water-water power reactors (VVER) on various aggregates have been carried out. The studies were carried out using the existing experimentally tested methods for the analytical determination of radiation changes in concrete and their components. It has been established that during the extension of the operation of nuclear power plants with VVER reactors, the radiation changes in the concrete of the reactor shaft can be commensurate with the allowable changes in concrete or exceed them. It is shown that the radiation changes in the concrete of the reactor shaft increase with an increase in the duration of operation and depend on the power of the reactor (440 or 1000 MW), the thickness of the "dry" shield around the reactor, and the material of the concrete filler used. Radiation changes in all concrete of the NPP shaft with VVER-440 reactors will be more significant than in the concrete of the NPP shaft with VVER-1000 reactors. It has been established that the radiation changes in the concrete of the reactor shaft and the maximum duration of operation when using aggregates from various rocks differ significantly. It is noted which concretes (on which aggregates) have the smallest, largest and intermediate radiation changes. It is shown that with an increase in the operating temperature, the radiation changes in concrete will decrease, and the allowable operating time of the NPP will increase.

Keywords: radiation changes, reactor shaft concretes, concrete aggregates, rocks, water-water power reactors VVER-440 and VVER-1000, extension of NPP operation

The article presents the results of computational studies that are part of the authors' comprehensive research on the development of a methodology for predicting the resistance of steel fiber concrete to thermal effects at NPP facilities with various parameters of dispersed reinforcement. The studies were carried out using selected models to describe the processes of thermal deformations and changes in the most important properties of steel fiber based on previously obtained experimental and calculated data on thermal changes of steel fiber on an optimized cement-sand matrix with five types of steel fiber with a volume content of 0.5% to 6% after heating at 110-1100 oC. Based on calculations in accordance with the accepted hypothesis and the selected models, the dependences of thermal changes in the properties of steel fiber concrete relative to matrix changes from the calculated changes in linear dimensions due to the formation of cracks in the fiber concrete are established. The dependences of thermal changes in the linear dimensions of steel fiber concrete due to the formation of cracks on the ratio of the calculated unreliaxed tensile structural stresses in the matrix to the tensile strength of the matrix are established. Based on the performed studies, a method for predicting thermal deformations, changes in mass, linear dimensions due to the formation of cracks, strength, water resistance of steel fiber concrete, based on thermal deformations and changes in the properties of the matrix, parameters of dispersed reinforcement is formulated.

Keywords: steel fiber concrete, prediction of resistance to thermal effects, cracking, thermal changes in linear dimensions and properties

In this paper, the technology of process simulation shooting remote sensing the Earth's surface in the optical spectrum of the radiation on the software and hardware complex. With his help, describe and forecast the qualitative characteristics of shooting in the simulation with high resolution linear assessment on the ground.

Keywords: remote sensing of the Earth's surface, software and hardware, virtual ground, the speed of movement of the image, panchromatic imagery, multispectral imagery, linear ground resolution

In this article methods and tools for simulation of systems of remote sounding of the Earth's surface from space in the optical range of the radiation spectrum to optimize its structure and functional properties. The structure of complex information-measuring system of remote sensing to explore the experimental field through very difficult and very expensive in connection with the combination of various physical and technological processes occurring in it. The exit lies in the total use of natural and mathematical modeling with the use of modern IT-technologies, as the establishment phase and during the operational phase, with the aim of improving methods and design tools, as well as better control of equipment settings for advanced space systems (the free spectral range of physical intensity, linear resolution of the terrain and the performance of the system itself).

Keywords: remote sensing of the Earth's surface, space system, the system receiving and converting the information lens, an optical reception system, the underlying surface of the Earth, remote sensing, linear ground resolution

At present an important role in solving energy conservation problem is assigned to thermal pumping plants (TPP). Using processes of evaporation and condensation of easily boiling liquid circulating in the system they extract low potential heat from environmental objects and provide heat supply for buildings, constructions, greenhousee and so on. Artificial sources of low potential heat for TPP of different capacity can be, for instance, ventilation air and exhaust gases, circulating and waste water,ground. Energy efficient reasonability of TPP use in the system of water disposal for the town of Novocherkassk in Rostov region is considered. Calculations indicate that there is a technical potential to replace a boiler house operating on expensive gas fuel and emissing into the atmospere more than 850 t of carbon dioxide - greenhouse gas - with ecologically clean TPP, one of which uses heat of waste water and the other - heat of ground.

Keywords: thermal pumping plant, renewable sources, energy conservation, evaporation, condensation, waste water, ground