The article gives a description of the developed design of a sample of the connection of wooden elements, which is devoid of the shortcomings of existing technical solutions that allow simulating the actual operation of real wooden structures. The design makes it possible to increase the reliability of the test results, simplifies the test procedure and the test results processing process. The developed design of the sample fully reflects the actual work of the real joints of the beam cage of a wooden building, causes a stress-strain state in the sample, to a large extent similar to the stress-strain state of a real joint due to the correct application of the basic provisions of the similarity theory to connect the model with the full-scale construction of a wooden buildings, schemes for applying the load to the sample and methods for conducting experiments.
Keywords: wooden structures, timber, joining of wooden elements, testing of a sample of connecting wooden elements, wooden beam, main beam, secondary beam, metal plates, screws, reliability improvement
The procedure for filling positions of teaching staff of universities belonging to the teaching staff is regulated by federal laws and local regulations. At the same time, it becomes necessary to store and exchange a large number of documents between various participants of competitive events. The aim of the work was to automate the process of holding competitive events and use a common data warehouse, with the help of which it is possible to speed up paperwork, save time and consumables, ensure the safety of storing, transmitting and processing information. The article reflects the obtained results of automation of the competitive selection process at the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Keywords: higher education institutions, competitive election, teaching staff, automation
The problem of quality in construction and installation works at intermediate stages is being discussed. The role of technical supervision in the construction process is outlined. A proposed indicator, the "Quality Index," is presented for consideration, which reflects not only the quality of the works but also the effectiveness of the technical supervisor's work during the construction process.
Keywords: quality, construction quality, construction quality index, quality coefficient, regulations, technical supervisor engineer
In this paper, the possibility of applying graph neural networks (NN) to study the structure of copper centers of zeolites is considered. The dataset used for NN training was prepared using the FDMNES software based on the finite difference method and included more than 2100 Cu K-XANES spectra for Cu-MOR. The performed study demonstrated the capability of graph neural networks to reproduce the Cu K-XANES spectrum corresponding to a particular model of the copper center in the zeolite framework.
Keywords: zeolite, mordenite, atomic structure, XANES, machine learning, graph neural networks
The article considers examples of atmospheric air monitoring in linear and compact cities. The issues of atmospheric air pollution are considered, examples of components of pollutants coming from stationary and mobile sources are given. The analysis of the monitoring system of cities with different urban planning is carried out.
Keywords: linear city, compact city, highway, pollution, monitoring, monitoring posts, motor transport, gas pollution, exhaust gases
The authors, having examined the main buildings, structures, and amenities located on Lenin Avenue in the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, showed that, although there are almost no old buildings of the pre-revolutionary era in the Ciscaucasian city, it is rich in architectural objects in the pleasant, unpretentious Stalinist Empire style. Nalchik can be called a classic city in the mountains. The peculiarity of the city is a wide and spacious avenue with a high level of greenery, with a high level of improvement. This is the central and longest street in the city. The length is more than five kilometers. Lenin Avenue is an important landmark, which is essential for the city for the normal life of modern society. The center of the capital was formed around the avenue, where squares, residential buildings and public buildings, various establishments, recreation areas, as well as interesting architectural objects are concentrated. Prospect Lenina can be proudly entered into the register of cultural heritage objects as it meets the requirements for classic avenues.
Keywords: architecture, construction, master plan, rectangular grid of streets, wind rose, height above sea level, avenue, town-planning object, building, restoration, square, residential buildings, columns, towers, stucco capitals, Stalinist Empire style, baroque
No modern metropolis can be imagined without such public transport as the subway. The subway is the most important element of infrastructure for large cities and provides a convenient, fast, safe and environmentally friendly way for the population to travel. The construction of the subway is a long and complex process, which requires large investments and consideration of many factors. During the construction of metro stations it is necessary to carry out work on laying utilities, such as electric cables, pipelines for water supply, sewerage, ventilation and other systems. These utilities ensure the operation of the stations and comfort for passengers. Erection of engineering networks in the subway is a complex and multi-year process that requires application of new technologies and high qualification of specialists. However, proper planning and work coordination can significantly reduce time and costs of the project, ensuring uninterrupted operation of metro stations in the future. The work is devoted to the peculiarities of construction of the Moscow subway, which is considered one of the largest subways in the world in terms of length and passenger traffic.
Keywords: metro, utilities, high voltage cable, ventilation shaft, tunnel fan
The article deals with the residential development of the period of Stalinist neoclassicism in the city of Saratov. The method developed by the author for identifying the type of volume-spatial solution of a building is described. Using this method, four types of volumetric-spatial solution of residential buildings of the period of Stalinist neoclassicism are identified. A brief review of the placement in the structure of the city and the identified compositional patterns for all types of residential buildings in the city of Saratov during the period of Stalinist neoclassicism is given.
Keywords: volume-spatial solution, typology of buildings, Stalinist neoclassicism, Soviet development, residential buildings
The study findings on the utilization of ethyl silicates for enhancing bitumen properties are showcased. The impact of ethyl silicate grades 28, 32, and 40 on the characteristics of BN 90/10, BN 70/30 construction bitumen, and BND 60/90 road bitumen was evaluated. On the basis of the conducted studies, grades of bitumen and ethyl silicate were selected, the compositions based on which have the best performance. The compatibility of ethyl silicates with bitumen was tested. It has been established that a smaller amount of ethyl silicate is combined with high-quality bitumen. Based on the infra-red spectra, it was shown that there is no chemical interaction between bitumen and ethyl silicate, but a hydrolysis reaction occurs with the formation of hydrogen bonds. It has moreover been determined that ethyl silicates exhibit both plasticizing and structuring effects on bitumen, resulting in improved frost resistance of polymer-bitumen compositions. Requirements for materials aimed at waterproofing of structures for soil and concrete constructions have been developed and presented. In order to increase the low-temperature limit of applicability of polymer bitumen compositions, additives of liquid oligomeric rubbers from the Yaroslavl synthetic rubber plant (SK-1), as well as latexes from the Krasnoyarsk and Omsk plants were studied together with ethyl silicates. Recommendations are given on the use of ethyl silicates in waterproofing mastics and asphalt polymer concrete.
Keywords: bitumen, ethyl silicates, compatibility, properties, plasticizing and structuring additives, waterproofing mastics, asphalt polymer concrete, IR spectra, soil and concrete structures
Geodesic control plays an important role in the reconstruction of cultural heritage sites. It allows the accurate determination of the geometric parameters of historic objects, which can be particularly important for restoring their historic size and shape to achieve the most accurate match to the original appearance. Geodetic work is carried out to support the accuracy of design and construction. They allow you to monitor the consistency of the design documentation and the actual work performed. This can help avoid errors and additional work during the construction phase and ultimately ensure a higher quality of reconstruction. This paper describes geodetic support during the reconstruction of the residence of Patriarch Kirill. Located on a huge territory the complex has a high religious-historical and cultural significance, which determines the quality of geodetic control at all stages of reconstruction and construction works.
Keywords: object of cultural heritage, architectural monuments, reconstruction, geodetic surveys, geodetic network, geodetic control, geodetic monitoring
The technology of organizing the construction of decentralized energy systems based on wind power plants is given. New design solutions for the structural elements of wind turbines and overhead lines (tower, collapsible ballast-type foundation, protective element) are proposed, taking into account the specifics of the technology of construction and installation works. Data are given on reducing the cost of construction production by optimizing the machines and mechanisms used.
Keywords: wind turbine structures, overhead lines, tower, collapsible ballast-type foundation, protective element, in-line method, decentralized system
In this article, the calculation and evaluation of building structures of vertical steel tanks, which are subjected to various loads, is carried out.
Keywords: oil industry, petroleum products, accidents, vertical steel tanks, load
The assumptions of mathematical models for calculating the crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures are considered. For each of them, an analysis was carried out to determine whether they correspond to reality throughout the entire life cycle of the structure: from the hardening of the concrete mix to destruction. Based on the results of the analysis, it was proposed to use only one single calculation at the level of standards to assess the crack resistance of structures - according to the crack opening width, acrc. So, for example, at a certain value of acrc, the structure will still remain airtight (the cracks will be non-through), and if this value is exceeded, it will not. At the same time, the calculations already available in the norms for limiting permeability and the safety of reinforcement will still remain in demand. At the junction of the theory of damage accumulation and nonlinear fracture mechanics, a compressed algorithm is proposed for possibly taking into account the influence of cracks at all scale levels of the concrete structure, the key for which is the normalization of the statistical parameters of the distribution of discontinuities by diameters, lengths, openings, depths, directions, distances between discontinuities, etc.
Keywords: reinforced concrete, crack resistance, cracking moment, crack width, plasticity coefficient, damageability, non-linear fracture mechanics
The paper presents the results of research into the road polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) concrete, which is supposed to be used in the Siberian region, in particular, in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For the preparation of asphalt concrete, a polymer additive was used in the form of DST-30 grade thermoplastic elastomer. In addition, the results of studies using IR spectroscopic methods of the processes of interaction between bitumen and DST dissolved in industrial oil are presented. It has been established that the change in the physical properties of bitumen when DST is added to its composition is a consequence of chemical interaction in the studied composite binder. On the previously developed composition of the polymer bitumen binder, hot asphalt polymer concretes were prepared, which were studied for the main physical and mechanical indicators. The resulting compositions meet the regulatory requirements. When compared with the properties of asphalt concrete on "pure" bitumen, it was found that the introduction of a polymer additive leads to an increase in durability at 20 and 500C, water resistance and strength reduction at 00C, which indicates an increased crack resistance at a negative temperature of polymer-modified asphalt concrete compared to regular asphalt concrete. Recommendations on the factory technology for the preparation of asphalt concrete are given. The resulting compositions are proposed for industrial implementation by road maintenance bodies and firms in the city of Krasnoyarsk.
Keywords: polymer bitumen binder, asphalt polymer concrete, thermoplastics, compositions, properties, experiment, industrial oil, regression equations
This article examines the impact of nanotechnology on the development of flame retardant materials in the field of construction. The general provisions of nanotechnology and nanocomposites, their characteristics and classification are described. Examples of the use of nanotechnology to create fire-resistant materials and their direct application in construction are presented. The main problems of nanocomposites are presented, the solution of which will allow to bring passive fire protection of buildings and structures to a new level.
Keywords: fire protection, fire-resistant material, nanotechnology, nanocomposite, composite material, composite, polymer, material