The work is devoted to an urgent problem - the development of automated process control systems for the production of bricks with improved characteristics. The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the tasks of automation of brick production control systems, to develop both an algorithm for managing brick production and a generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, and the tasks of the work are: optimization of control automation levels that determine the generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, determination of information collection subsystems corresponding to the stages of brick production, and development of their structures, the choice of basic measurement tools for information collection subsystems. The results of the work are: systematization of requirements for modern automated process control systems, development of an algorithm for controlling technological processes and a generalized structural scheme of automated process control systems for brick production, development of information collection subsystems for the developed automated process control system, development of the structure of a local automated process control system in brick production - brick drying. The developed technical solutions can be recommended for control automation in various industries.

Keywords: brick production, technological process, drying, firing, control algorithm, automated control system, structural scheme, information collection subsystem, single-channel circuit, multi-channel circuit, measuring circuit, four-arm bridge circuit

Water saturation of soils in the area of foundations is accompanied by a deterioration in their bearing capacity and is often detected only with the appearance of the first signs of deformation. Effective monitoring of soil conditions helps reduce escalating damage. For this purpose, a variant of dynamic penetration was developed and applied, which made it possible to establish a fivefold reduction in the resistance of soils to indenter penetration in the water-saturated zone in comparison with their natural state. The approach provides rapid mapping of the state of the soil mass in areas of expected soaking, for example, in the area of backfilling of foundations. The results are applicable for monitoring soil soaking in technogenic conditions and are of interest to a wide range of specialists in the field of construction.

Keywords: flooding, dynamic penetration, monitoring, mapping, water-saturated soil

The analysis of the condition, operating conditions and location of industrial and communal enterprises in the structure of the city of Moscow is carried out. A set of urgent problems related to the disordered nature of the placement of the main objects of the communal complex, leading to the complication of intra-urban industrial and transport communications, and the deterioration of the city's ecology, has been identified. To solve these problems, a new methodological approach is proposed in the organization of the layout of public utility facilities, which consists in optimizing their functional and planning solutions, in integrating interrelated technological and transport operations.

Keywords: urban development, transport communication, industrial and communal enterprise, architectural and planning solution, functional blocking, geographically balanced network nature of the location

This article discusses several ways to determine the calculated lengths of steel columns in the plane of the frame. By analyzing existing techniques, the most successful method of selecting the calculated lengths for steel columns in a free multi-storey frame was determined. Taking into account the non-standard case of fastening crossbars to the considered section in the frame of the overpass, using the LIRA CAD PC, as well as the Crystal module (implemented in SCAD), the loss of stability of equally loaded elements in the most sensitive area is clearly shown.

Keywords: Euler's formula, loss of stability, coefficient of calculated length, calculated length, coefficient of stability margin, finite elements

The article considers the requirements of regulatory documents to ensure fire safety during construction and operation of gas distribution pipelines in Russia and China. The different approach to fire risk reduction in the two countries is revealed: more specific and stringent requirements in China and general requirements related to fire hazardous facilities in Russia.

Keywords: fire risks, fire regulations, natural gas combustion, causes of natural gas fires, natural gas transportation, fire safety

The article discusses the issues of stability of pedestrian paths and staircases located on sloped areas and interacting with a complex geological environment. The features of designing construction projects on sloping areas are considered. The reasons for the occurrence of various defects and destruction on the staircase, located on the embankment of Khabarovsk, were investigated. An assessment of the stability of the structure during repair work is given. Measures are proposed to increase the stability of the structure.

Keywords: staircase, slope, slope stability, stress-strain state, fortifications

The article presents an analysis of the requirements for quality control in the current regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation and the experience of developing a scheme of operational quality control (SOQC) for the installation of sheet metal waterstops, obtained on the basis of regulatory and methodological documentation and materials from manufacturers of waterproofing materials: domestic and foreign, and the practice of using polymer and metal waterstops and our own experimental studies. The content of the main information blocks of the SOQC in the practically accepted unification of requirements for quality control in construction is described. Construction defects are indicated when using polymer waterstops for waterproofing technological seams of monolithic structures of civil buildings, which can be avoided if the requirements are met and the work is performed in accordance with the developed SOQC as part of the technological map of the work production project.

Keywords: scheme of operational quality control, quality in construction, installation tolerance, requirements, sheet metal waterstop

The aim of the present work is to investigate the residual strength behavior of concrete reinforced with straight fibergalss fiber at levels of 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% and compare to hooked end steel fibers reinforced concrete same concentation. The laboratory tests were determined according to SP 297.1325800.2017 and reviewed literature. Test sampels was 100x100x400 with cut 17 mm in low beam in center. The residual strength behavior of Fiberglass reinforced concrete (FGRC) appeared to be comparable to SFRC, where the increase of fibers volume ratio cause the increase in prepeak and post-peak parameters of concrete. Nevertheless, the type of fibers influences much this dependency. Сoncrete mix composition was selected on the basis of compressive strength of control samples 37.5MPa. Tests were carried out to determine the crack resistance of fibre concrete on fibreglass fibre. Fibre F1 tested in this work showed a high result of extreme values of residual strength 36.3% higher than anchor fibre and 50% higher than corrugated fibre, this may be due to a more stable bond with the concrete matrix. The work resulted in concrete with crack resistance classes from Bft3= 2,5b to 6с. This study is a practical basis for the theoretical study of the effect of fibreglass fibre on the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete.

Keywords: fiberglass fiber, FGRC, CMOD, pullout strength, analise, composite, residual strength

The work deals with the results of research on the influence of complex mineral additive: chemical water treatment sludge with burnt rock or fly ash or gaize. The rational content of chemical water treatment sludge in the complex additive was determined to be 50%. The relationship between compressive strength, flexural strength and W/C ratio, bettwen the flexural strength, E-modulus and the compressive strength were obtained. Complex mineral additive into fine grain concrete does not lead to a decrease in flexural strength and does not increase the E-modulus of fine grain concrete. The average range of the E-modulus of fine grain concrete with complex mineral additive practically coincide with those in Russian National Standart 56378 - 2015. The use of chemical water treatment sludge for fine grain concrete at amount of 20% of complex additive of a rateable composition instead of part of the cement provided to increasing of compressive strength at an equal W/C ratio relatively to the non-additive standard by 7 - 20%, and the flexural strength by 12 - 22% .

Keywords: miniral additive, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, gaize, fly ash, burnt rock, chemical water treatment sludge

The operational wear and service life of power equipment is closely related to the efficiency of the feedwater treatment plant. Insufficient degree of purification leads to serious violations not only of the operating mode of the equipment, but also contributes to an increase in the rate of corrosion processes. The paper considers a water treatment plant based on membrane technologies with the inclusion of membrane filtration and a reverse osmosis unit in a circulating mode. During the experimental period, water samples were taken at each stage of purification and the main indicators that affect operational wear were determined. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were made, as well as recommendations on the operation of the water treatment plant in a circulating mode.

Keywords: water treatment plant, membrane processes, operational wear of equipment, quality indicators of process waters

The large-scale development of Russia's lands led to the creation of a railroad network. Along with the laying of the railroad, the entire transportation infrastructure, such as bridges, tunnels and overpasses, was erected. Many structures are already more than 100 years old. The structures are deteriorating and approaching the end of their life cycle. It is therefore necessary to reconstruct or dismantle these structures. Due to the increased freight traffic between China, Russia and Western Europe, it is necessary to reconstruct all tunnels on the BAM. This paper presents one of the tunnel reconstruction options and investigates by mathematical modeling the stress-strain state of the system "array-construction" by which the tunnel can be reconstructed.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, stress-strain state, railway tunnel, reconstruction, finite element method, drilling and blasting, mechanized tunneling, mining machine, displacements, Baikal-Amur Mainline

The article discusses the measures of construction control during the construction of monolithic structures. The quality of technological processes in the construction of reinforced concrete buildings determines the existing problems of their reliability and durability. As a result, there is a need for construction control during the construction of facilities. The concept of construction control is defined. The structural and technological types of buildings are investigated. The stages of construction at which construction control is carried out are considered. The methodology for improving the efficiency of organizational and technical solutions during construction control has a significant impact on reducing construction time, and also minimizes the number of defects and deviations.

Keywords: construction control, building types, monolithic reinforced concrete construction, construction stage, quality, concrete mix

In conditions of high cost of construction materials, machinery, equipment and services it is necessary to consider the possibilities of increasing economic and energy efficiency of erected buildings. One of the options for solving this issue is the use of energy efficient products in construction. The article will consider one of the innovative thermal insulation materials - PIR boards.

Keywords: construction, thermal insulation, thermal insulation material, polyisocyanurate foam, frame-monolithic construction, wall panels, reinforced concrete, thermal calculation

Lightning protection of tanks is important problem as accidents can cause catastrophic consequences for people, infrastructure and environment. In the article analysis of typical defects of steel lightning rod towers' flange connections is carried out. 16 towers built in 2000 in Novorossiysk as a part of oil tank farm were studied. Each 55-meter tall tower consists of 3 girths and 3 sections with bolted flange connections. During the analysis of technical documentation the following common defects were observed: cracks and deformations of girths near welding joints that connect them with reinforcing ribs; gaps between flanges and their radial displacement; weld leg lengths longer than allowed; presence of water, biological damage and corrosion. Reasons of said defects are analyzed. They consist of non-compliance with regulatory requirements during welding as well as insufficient attention to the thermotechnical issues. Recommendations for the repair and safe exploitation of lightning rod towers are given. The results can be used during the technical inspection of steel lattice towers with flange connections.

Keywords: bolt, bolted flange joint, defect, flange, inspection, joint, lattice tower, lightning rod, steel, steel tower

Currently, a large amount of research is devoted to the use of polymer composite materials applied for increasing the strength and durability of reinforced concrete elements. In compressed reinforced concrete columns, the bearing capacity depends on the eccentricity of the external force application and the corresponding stress-strain state, as well as on the arrangement and quantity of composite materials bonded to the surface of the structure. The choice of the arrangement scheme of composite materials depending on the stress state of the structure is of current interest for researchers. At the same time, studies conducted on centrally compressed elements often have contradictory effects. The main purpose of this study is to perform numerical experiment of a digital model for the centrally compressed concrete column reinforced with composite materials. The calculation results for 3 short columns with different reinforcement schemes are presented. It is shown that the use of composite materials to reinforce structures increases the bearing capacity up to 10%. Based on the study results, recommendations on the optimal schemes of reinforcement with composite clamps of inflexible columns reinforced in the transverse direction are proposed.

Keywords: reinforced concrete columns, normal sections, finite element modeling, reinforcement with composite materials

Enterprises of the fuel and energy sector, in search of new environmentally safe and economically feasible processes, are introducing membrane technologies into the water treatment system. The main advantages of these methods are: technological simplicity of design, minimal use of chemical reagents, absence of phase transitions and neutrality of wastewater. But despite the rather significant advantages, the use of these processes for a long time can be aggravated by seasonal changes in the quality of natural water in the water source. In this paper, an analysis of the reverse osmosis plant was carried out based on the results of laboratory experiments on water quality indicators at the inlet to the plant and permeate. The average results for each indicator for the entire time of the experiment are also presented.

Keywords: reverse osmosis plant, permeate, seasonal changes in the quality of natural water, thermal power plants

The organization of an enclosed space to ensure the basic processes of life (amateur professional activities, family communication, parenting, housekeeping, physiological and psychological recreation, maintaining health and hygiene) is traditionally an urgent task of architectural creativity. One of the possible solutions is the format of a low-rise (one or two floors) individual residential building, which includes several rooms (rooms) for residential and non-residential purposes, providing the necessary conditions for life processes. Low-rise individual residential buildings (with adjacent territories) are characterized by a number of advantages: a high level of living comfort, direct connection with the natural environment, the opportunity for full-fledged and versatile work and leisure, taking into account individual characteristics and preferences.

Keywords: индивидуальный жилой дом, композиция, функциональное зонирование, пространственные взаимосвязи, жилая среда, эффективность, функциональная схема, пространство, эстетика, традиции, инновации

Research of modeling methods of steel structures's joints with the use of computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems is important, because scheme that most accurately reflects an actual state of the elements makes it possible to select their rational design. The aim of the article is to analyze an influence of modeling variations of truss joints on the stress state of a transverse frame. The object of the research is the plane frame of a two-story building with the truss made of hot-rolled steel equal leg angles. The subject of the study is the stressed state of the structure. In the article the following problems are solved: two models of the frame (with flexible and rigid truss joints) were created with the use of LIRA-SAPR CAE program, loads were calculated, results were obtained, the values ​​of bending moments and shear forces in the elements were analyzed. Conclusions were drawn about the influence of variant modeling of truss joints on the stress state of construction.

Keywords: CAE, flexible joint, joint, plane frame, rigid knot, static scheme, steel, steel angle, stress-strain state, truss

The article presents the results of the calculation of a high-rise building, the load-bearing frame of which uses wooden structures. With a significant height of the structure, wind load begins to have a significant impact on the deformability of the frame. A calculation scheme is proposed, in which two options for applying wind pressure are considered - on columns and in floor beams.

Keywords: high-rise building, permanent loads, short-term loads, instantaneous loads, modulus of elasticity, stiffness, stress, displacement, CAD

The new socio-economic and political conditions of the North Bulgarian Renaissance (1762-1878) determined the way of life, the nature of relationships in society, and its material environment. The object of their influence was primarily residential development, which revealed a variety of architectural forms. Their volumetric and planning features are determined by new ideological and artistic views. At the same time, unity is revealed in architectural diversity, predetermined by local natural and climatic conditions, sustainable construction technologies, and the revival of ancient spiritual and historical and cultural traditions. This article analyzes the development of techniques for the architectural organization of a residential building in the context of settlement and chronology.

Keywords: Bulgarian Renaissance, natural conditions, socio-economic factors, historical background, natural landscape, space-planning schemes, residential architecture

The article examines the epoch-making buildings of the city of Nalchik, which include the educational campus (LUG) and Stalin's dacha. The work provides historical information on these objects, architectural, artistic and planning solutions, their significance for the city. The main purpose of epoch-making buildings, according to the authors, is to preserve these objects for citizens and residents of the republic, as the historical and cultural heritage of the people, which must be recreated for future generations and preserve the recognizable unique image of the city.

Keywords: architecture, epoch-making buildings, facade, plan, building, school, Stalin's Dacha, Dacha N5, bay window, gazebo, brick, brick-wooden house

The article examines the process of development of the architectural and planning structure of Monchegorsk in the period of the 1930s – 1950s and defines its specific features. The issue of the current state of the architectural heritage of the city and the problems of its preservation is investigated. The proposals aimed at preserving valuable elements of the planning and architectural landscape, as well as historical architectural objects in the context of modern urban development are given.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, visual connections, accent, dominant, cultural heritage object

The work reflects the results of the influence of various factors on the deflections of the profiled flooring at the stage of concreting the slab. The relationship between the deflections of corrugated sheets in parts of its span and in parts of the total thickness of the slab at different heights of the design section of the slab has been established. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of various factors (the thickness of the corrugated sheet, the profile and height of the corrugations, the span of the slab) on the deflections of the profiled decking at the stage of concreting the slab, taking into account the recommendations of the standards. The work also studied the influence of the acquired deflection on the final deflections during the operation stage. The object of the study was a floor slab on profiled flooring. A calculation and analytical research method was used based on current regulatory documents. Research results. An assessment is made of the influence of corrugated sheet deflections on the applicability of various corrugated sheet spans in the range of spans from 3 to 6 m. Recommendations are proposed for limiting the maximum deflections of corrugated sheets at the stage of concreting the slab to 1/100 of the design span of corrugated sheets with a slab section height of more than 200 mm. Recommendations are given to limit the use of small thicknesses of corrugated sheets from 0.7 to 1.0 mm for spans over 3 m. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for the use of optimal thicknesses of floor slabs on profiled flooring for various spans. Recommendations are given for limiting the thickness of the corrugated sheet depending on the span and the overall height of the slab section. The research results can be used in the design of steel-reinforced concrete floor slabs and in practical work when examining the technical condition of structures.

Keywords: concreting stage, corrugated sheet, deflection, profiled flooring, steel-reinforced concrete slab

Issues of the quality of university spaces have not been fully studied at present. Rapid transformations and the growing role of universities in city life require a serious scientific approach to organizing the environment of university campuses. This article examines the artistic and semiotic properties of façade architecture and spatial environments identified by various researchers. Based on the theoretical analysis performed, the aesthetic and informative qualities that are most important for organizing the image of a university campus are formulated. As an example of the practical use of the identified qualities, a developed design solution for one of the buildings of Volgograd State Technical University is presented.

Keywords: university campus, aesthetics of the university environment, informative qualities of facades, reconstruction of educational buildings, architectural semiotics

Changes in the elastic characteristics of the soil for a base model that is inhomogeneous in depth are considered. The dependences of the modulus of elasticity of the soil and the coefficient of lateral pressure on the relative depth are obtained.

Keywords: modulus of elasticity, lateral pressure coefficient, pressure, compression curve