The article examines the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the living environment of multi-storey residential quarters based on their coloristic solution. The analysis of the coloristic organization of the living environment space in specific housing complexes of St. Petersburg is carried out. The features of coloristic solutions of facades in the formation of a large-scale architectural space are revealed using examples of the architecture of St. Petersburg. Negative and positive examples of the use of color graphics of residential buildings in accordance with the psychological perception of scale are given.

Keywords: scale of living environment, coloristics, supergraphics, architectural space, scale of facade, psychophysiological perception of color

The article explores parametric wooden installations to reimagine public architecture by combining the natural properties of wood with computational strategies. It explores how iterative modeling, digital fabrication and user-centric awareness reveal aesthetic and structural possibilities in open or semi-public spaces. A qualitative approach that combines experimental design, prototypes, and field feedback shows that it is effective in creating interactive forms, optimizing material use, and promoting community participation. While environmental factors and cultural ideas influence longevity, the results highlighted by the ZCB bamboo pavilion as an example of how digital workflows are adapted to sustainability, craft traditions and changing needs, ultimately confirming the promise of these structures to architects, policymakers and communities.

Keywords: parametric design, urban architecture, wooden installations, prototypes, digital fabrication, zcb bamboo pavilion, sustainability, digital form, lightweight, innovation

This article examines the main architectural principles of existing mosques in the South of Russia, such as: space-planning solutions, functional zoning, architectural and artistic and urban planning features. The article provides an overview of existing mosques in Astrakhan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Yevpatoriya and Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of existing mosques helps to formulate key architectural, planning and urban planning aspects in the design of modern mosques.

Keywords: mosque, minaret, mosque architecture, sacred architecture, Islam, landscaping, religious building, functional zoning of a mosque, space-planning solutions for a mosque, urban planning features of a mosque

Over the course of a thousand-year history of development, various types of transport facilities have emerged, disappeared, or been revived. Many industrial and transport infrastructure facilities have lost their current functions, but have historical value. Historical buildings of stables, carriage houses, post stations, tram and railway depots need renovation and repurposing for new current functions. Each of these facilities has its own design and planning features, which can become determining factors when choosing a new purpose.

Keywords: architecture of transport structures, objects of transport infrastructure, stables, carriage houses, postal stations, repurposing, functional structure, functionalism, architectural form, reconstruction, renovation

The location of the St. Petersburg Commercial Port on the left-bank territories of the Neva estuary is an element of the urban development tradition of St. Petersburg. The planning structure, the system of unique engineering structures, including the Sea Canal, have been preserved here. The development, created according to the projects of famous architects of the past period, has high historical and cultural value. The renovation of historical architecture does not go without contradictions with modern trends in the functional development of the port, especially in the coastal areas, where the main loading and unloading processes take place

Keywords: industrial complex, renovation directions, history of industrial architecture, preservation of historical architectural and urban environment, architectural form, reconstruction, renovation

The article provides an analysis of the architectural aspects of sports and recreation buildings and structures of universities in the Southern Federal District (Rostov Region, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Crimea) and Stavropol Territory, united in the framework of the study by the concept of "South of Russia". The classification of sports and recreation facilities at the universities under study is carried out. Some functional, spatial and planning features of sports buildings and facilities, sports and recreation facilities, student sanatoriums, sanatoriums, student polyclinics at universities in the South of Russia have been identified, which can serve as a basis for developing principles of architectural modernization of these facilities.

Keywords: architectural features, university sports and recreation facilities, student polyclinic, student health resort, university infrastructure, South of Russia

The article examines the research topic of non-stationary retail facilities in Gukovo. The relevance of this topic is due to the crisis state of the urban environment, the integration of small temporary buildings into the urban fabric of the city. Important integration factors are aesthetics, functionality, interaction with the environment, and innovation. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the development of the NTO of the city of Gukovo, as an environmental system that performs the functions of updating and structuring the urban environment in the direction of implementing programs for the advanced development of former single-industry towns and improving their quality of life.

Keywords: non-stationary retail facilities, factors, innovative solutions, environmental systems, design code, single-industry town, models, architectural and design update

Abstract. The article examines the spatial planning solutions of buildings of foreign embassies from the point of view of general security, access control, protection from terrorist acts and other types of criminal encroachments. The relevance of the work is increasing as public safety in general and the growing tension in international relations become increasingly important. The main goal is to study architectural solutions, dividing the planning structure by access levels and identifying the most characteristic protective means used by designers. The object of the study is the buildings of embassies, the subject is their layout and functional zoning. As a research method, an analysis of modern buildings is carried out, divided into groups depending on the planning organization and volumetric structure. The examples demonstrate exactly how a volumetric structure can meet security requirements, how architectural techniques for separating human flows, restricting and controlling access, and others are used.

Keywords: consulate, security, surveillance, planning, atrium, anti-terrorism, embassy, ​​architecture, control, protection

The study of the shaping of these objects makes it possible to create new in shape and structure, durable and reliable building structures. This makes it possible to improve building structures based on the principles outlined in this study. The shapes and structure of some plant objects, such as bamboo, are considered. The search for optimal design options with natural structures in construction is especially relevant and gives rise to such a direction in science as bionics. And the introduction of mathematical modeling methods using bionic principles in the design creates conditions for the construction of more durable and reliable construction structures.

Keywords: plant object, model, bionics, shape, structure, construction

The article examines the use of decorative details of various origins (Ancient Russian, Western European, Oriental) in the work of Hippolyte Monighetti using the example of St. Barbara's Church in Vevey, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and its other buildings.

Keywords: Hippolyte Monighetti, eclectic architecture, stylization, historicism, neo-Russian style

This article raises the question of the role of artistic and aesthetic forcing solutions for the reconstruction of commercial enterprises located in the historical center of Rostov-on-Don. The visual component of the anthropogenic environment, especially the urban fabric of the historical center, is one of the most important factors shaping the quality of life in the city. The analysis provided illustrates two different but illustrative situations. The first of which is an intervention in the structure of one building, the second is the reconstruction of a block (insert). As a result of the research, conceptual proposals were formed based on such categories as style, coloristic solution, material, number of floors and based on the analysis.

Keywords: urban environment, reconstruction of the quarter, historical buildings, reconstruction of commercial enterprises

Establishing relationships between construction and the pristine preservation of the environment, prioritizing what is necessary and sufficient, and balancing requirements and capabilities are a prerequisite for the harmonious development of the planet. But often, high rates of industrialization and local decision-making threaten the stability and harmonious development of the environment. The main problem is the disparity of goals and methods between design specializations. Each employee of a related specialty performs a task in accordance with current regulations, without thinking about the impact of the decision on the future object and its aesthetics. The concept of support and participation meets the requirements of multitasking and encourages an architect to be not only an architect, but also a social worker, engineer, fighter, diplomat, and solve environmental problems. The aim of the authors is to substantiate the need for flexible solutions in engineering and construction design, joint solutions to the problems of creating a favorable environment, and the participation of the architect in all areas of the building's life cycle.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The authors of the article raise the question of the value of the graphic heritage of famous architects, which they brought when they were sent abroad (on so-called retirement trips) to study architectural monuments, and the significance of these works for their design activities. The development of retirement at the Academy of Fine Arts is briefly considered. Using the example of drawings made by I.A. Monighetti abroad, in order to get acquainted with the world's artistic and architectural monuments, a comparative analysis of measurements preserved in the library's collection with fragments of his specific buildings is carried out. In this publication, for the first time, some of the surviving works of I.A. Monighetti, which are in the collection of the library of St. Petersburg State University, are introduced into scientific circulation. The method of using the studied architectural monuments in the practical works of the master is shown.

Keywords: stages, architectural education, Academy of fine Arts, retirement, graphic heritage, projects, architect, Hippolyte Monighetti

in modern dynamically developing cities, renovation processes are often accompanied by new construction in already built-up areas. In recent years, in Yekaterinburg, the loss of urban facilities that were well known to citizens has caused more and more resonance and attracted the attention of public organizations that oppose demolition. This article attempts to analyze the changes that have occurred in four Ural cities in terms of the loss of architectural objects, compare the reaction of citizens to these losses and determine the most significant losses for cities.

Keywords: demolition, historical heritage, preservation, loss, cities, renewal, urban environment, public organizations, citizens, significance, value

This paper examines the evolution of church architecture in Syria from the 4th to the early 6th century. Given the extensive damage to historical sites due to ongoing conflicts, this study relies on a comprehensive analysis of archival records, bibliographic sources, iconographic materials, and regulatory documents. By systematically categorizing churches based on their architectural characteristics and historical context, this research identifies the dominant structural typologies and traces their transformation over time. The findings reveal three primary church forms—hall churches, three-aisled basilicas, and centralized churches—each reflecting distinct regional and chronological developments. The study further assesses material use, spatial organization, and stylistic elements, evaluating their role in shaping Syrian Christian architecture. While certain features, such as exterior moldings and basilica proportions, suggest a unique architectural identity, the evidence remains inconclusive. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Syrian church architecture and highlights the need for further field studies and preservation efforts.

Keywords: Syria, early Christianity, Christian churches, Syrian church building style, systematization

The article discusses the main aspects of architecture in the Russian style. The study of the structure of Russian and neo-Russian style structures makes it possible to understand the features of creating fractal elements of these unique and distinctive buildings. The characteristic elements of Russian-style architectural structures are listed. The differences between the structures built by architects in Russia at different times are shown. The article considers examples of the harmonious inclusion of buildings of Russian architecture in modern urban space. The development of this style in our time is of interest in Russia and in the world. It is necessary to develop and rethink traditional methods of image and shaping, developing national architecture.

Keywords: architecture, Russian style, architectural element, fractal structures

The study of the structure of structures of Gothic and Neo-Gothic styles makes it possible to understand the possibilities of creating fractal elements of these unique buildings. The methods of determining the fractal dimension for an object both on a plane and in space are shown. The characteristic elements of the frame structures of Gothic architecture are listed. The differences between the structures built by architects in Russia and the buildings of Western architecture in Europe are shown. The article examines examples of the harmonious integration of Gothic architecture buildings into modern urban space. The article discusses methods for calculating the fractal dimension of objects of Gothic architecture with a high degree of fractality.

Keywords: architecture, Gothic style, neo-Gothic, element, fractal, fractal dimension

The ancient fortress located on the territory of the prince's estate of Zabota, on the left bank of the Chegema River, currently located between Lechinkai and Chegem II, is the subject of this article. The article examines the unique Kabardian stone structures, analyzes their distinctive characteristics and compares them with typical stone buildings of the late Middle Ages in Kabardino-Balkaria. In addition, the article examines how the culture and traditions of the region influenced the design of stone products, as evidenced by the architectural solutions used in the construction. The research conducted in this article focuses on the study of archaeological finds in order to reconstruct the history of a particular region and track socio-cultural changes that have occurred over a long period of time. The scientific basis of this study is based on materials collected in museums and bibliographic research.

Keywords: architecture, fortress, hillforts, fortifications, settlements, residence, fortification, stone structure, North Caucasus, Kabarda

The article is devoted to the importance of preserving historical buildings in Syria for local communities in the face of modern challenges. The article analyzes the role of architectural monuments in the formation of cultural identity, social integration and reconstruction of the country after the conflict. The problems of restoration of facilities and its impact on the morale of the population are considered. Using the example of existing projects, the importance of heritage as a symbol of memory and national unity is shown. Finally, recommendations are proposed to improve the preservation of cultural heritage.

Keywords: syria, historical buildings, architectural heritage, socio-cultural significance, restoration, post-conflict reconstruction, social cohesion, local communities

For the effective preservation of cultural heritage sites (CHS), it is necessary to carry out a set of engineering, technical and scientific measures already at the stage of their registration and conservation. Proposed work on the repair, restoration and renovation of CHS is subject to a comprehensive study. The approach to the preservation of CHS should be systemic, including digital volumetric-spatial and planning solutions, technology and organization of repair, restoration and renovation, development of new repair and renovation binders and materials, soils, bases and foundations, calculations of dynamic and seismic impacts, etc. To develop modern repair and renovation binders and compositions, it is necessary to study traditional or so-called handicraft technologies that were used in the old days - in the late period and the Middle Ages. Knowledge of handicraft technologies allows us to develop binders and compositions that are as close as possible to the original (parent) ones. From the point of view of a natural study of handicraft technologies for the production of lime binders, the following are of interest: those found in the Shoan tower complex. Guli, Dzheyrakh district, Republic of Ingushetia, fragments of kilns, the study and research of which is the subject of this article.

Keywords: historical and cultural monuments, cultural heritage sites, handicraft technologies, furnaces, kilns, X-ray phase analysis

The article considers the issues of developing a database of wooden architecture objects in Karelia. The database includes 1009 attributed photographs obtained as part of the comprehensive expedition of the Ministry of Culture of Karelia in 1979-1980 and the comprehensive expedition to Syamozerye in 2000-2001. The expedition research was carried out by specialists and students of Petrozavodsk State University under the supervision of Academician Vyacheslav Petrovich Orfinsky. The database was developed in the MySQL database management system. The database scheme is provided, the tables are described, and an example of a photograph with attributes is presented. The database allows storing and editing materials from historical and architectural expeditions and research by employees of Petrozavodsk State University, as well as searching for photographs of wooden architecture objects in Karelia by various criteria, including date, location, type of object, and author.

Keywords: wooden architecture, database, expeditions, MySQL DBMS, photographs of wooden architecture objects

The concept of symbiosis of architecture, design objects and monumental and decorative art in the interiors of public buildings in the context of renovation of industrial facilities is aimed at preserving the historical identity of buildings, adapting them to modern functions and creating a unique aesthetic where architectural forms, design solutions and artistic elements form a single whole. Renovation of industrial facilities involves a number of challenges: the need to maintain a balance between history and innovation, the integration of artistic and functional aspects, as well as compliance with environmental standards. The use of recycled materials, hybrid technologies and "smart" interiors makes it possible to cope with these tasks. The concept of three components contributes to the creation of spaces that become cultural and social centers. Such projects inspire, emphasize the value of architectural heritage and open up new perspectives for the sustainable development of the urban environment, contributing to the formation of emotionally rich and functionally significant interiors that reflect the spirit of the times and preserve the connection with the past.

Keywords: renovation, industrial buildings, renovation of industrial buildings, public buildings, sustainable architecture, design, monumental and decorative arts, interiors of public buildings, historical heritage, interdisciplinary approach

The colonial period lasted in China from 1840 to 1949. During this time the economy and culture of traditional China underwent significant changes. The influence of European culture was strongly reflected in the architecture of Guangzhou. The compositional solutions of facades and stylistic techniques of residential buildings bear the features of European architecture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the types of residential buildings erected in Guangzhou during the colonial period and to determine their specific features. The following methods were used in the study: • comprehensive field surveys, photo recording and landscape-visual analysis of Guangzhou buildings erected during the colonial period; • historical and urban planning analysis of literary, cartographic and iconographic sources; • study of archival and design materials such as: - analysis of the work of Chinese architects of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, who studied in Europe and the USA, - analysis of the creative methods of European architects who arrived in Guangzhou during the colonial period. At the beginning of the colonial period, due to the rapid development of industry and trade, urban land was in short supply. Therefore, the plots of land acquired for construction had the shape of an elongated rectangle, when a short part of the plot faced the street. Hence the Zhutong commercial and residential buildings emerged, one of the traditional forms of residence in Guangzhou, widespread in the colonial period. The planning scheme of the new type of Guangzhou development - the Chilou houses, which formed long sections of streets with arcades, also arose on the basis of the Zhutong house. Typical examples of colonial architecture, in the layout of which features of a traditional Chinese house appear, although the facades are made in the style of the neo-Renaissance, are the Xiguan mansions and houses in the Shamian concession. Like the Chilou houses, which form pedestrian streets with their galleries, the facades of residential buildings of the colonial period have a completely European appearance, but the planning structure is based on the structure of a traditional Chinese house.

Keywords: Guangzhou, colonial period, European trends, traditional Chinese architecture, volumetric-spatial solutions, housing construction

This article is devoted to the study of domestic and international experience in designing children’s educational centers. The purpose of the study is to identify urban planning and spatial-planning aspects of design, as well as trends and approaches to designing children’s educational centers, taking into account the specific features of architectural development.

Keywords: education, design, leisure, culture, planning solution, structure, multifunctionality, unique facility, environment, public space

The article is designed to identify the basic principles of the formation of the museum complex ""New Chersonesos"" and its thematic, visual and sacred relationship with ancient Chersonesos. The article considers a brief history of the formation and development of Tauric Chersonesos, its significance as one of the key places of the Russian cultural tradition and national identity. The article evaluates the architectural and compositional features of the New Chersonesos museum complex. The interrelation of its constituent objects and their functional and planning features is given. The basis of the model for the development of the territory of New Chersonesos was a system of contact joints and axes that determine the compositional structure of individual ensembles, the placement of spatial accents that give the direction of movement within the complex itself and in adjacent territories. The article is carried out within the framework of a dissertation research devoted to the Hellenistic cities of the Northern

Keywords: Tauric Chersonesos, New Chersonesos, museum complex, archeology, Byzantine style, axial compositions, functional and planning features