The article discusses the use of simplex methods of experiment planning to determine the optimal composition of composite building materials. Composite building materials are multicomponent systems, so their properties depend on a large number of factors that are diverse in nature and influence. The use of orthogonal plans is not able to adequately describe experimental data with a wide range of varying factors. Therefore, the article proposes to use simplex-lattice Scheffe's plans. A complete third-order model was developed to determine the optimal composition of the filled cement composite, and a regression equation was written. The adequacy of the equation was confirmed at the control points of the plan using the Student's criterion. The proposed planning method can be used to optimize the composition of multicomponent systems.

Keywords: multicomponent system, optimization methods, composite building material, experiment planning, simplex plans, Scheffe's polynomial, regression equation

The work is devoted to an urgent problem - the development of automated process control systems for the production of bricks with improved characteristics. The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the tasks of automation of brick production control systems, to develop both an algorithm for managing brick production and a generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, and the tasks of the work are: optimization of control automation levels that determine the generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, determination of information collection subsystems corresponding to the stages of brick production, and development of their structures, the choice of basic measurement tools for information collection subsystems. The results of the work are: systematization of requirements for modern automated process control systems, development of an algorithm for controlling technological processes and a generalized structural scheme of automated process control systems for brick production, development of information collection subsystems for the developed automated process control system, development of the structure of a local automated process control system in brick production - brick drying. The developed technical solutions can be recommended for control automation in various industries.

Keywords: brick production, technological process, drying, firing, control algorithm, automated control system, structural scheme, information collection subsystem, single-channel circuit, multi-channel circuit, measuring circuit, four-arm bridge circuit

The results of a study of the influence of shrinkage deformations on the basic physical and mechanical properties of concrete are presented depending on various production and technological factors. The research methodology took into account the choice of the period of aging concrete in a dry, hot climate to study the influence of physical processes in concrete on its physical and mechanical properties. The influence of shrinkage deformations on the strength characteristics of concrete was studied. an increase in the intensity of mass transfer processes between concrete and the environment leads to an increase in destructive shrinkage deformations, mainly plastic shrinkage of concrete, which lead to changes in the structure and physical and mechanical properties of mature concrete. The consistency of the concrete mixture also influences the amount of strength reduction. with a greater value of plastic shrinkage of concrete, its compressive and tensile strength in bending decreases. the destructive effect of plastic shrinkage on concrete caused depends on a number of technological factors (consistency of the concrete mixture, w/c, temperature and humidity hardening conditions, etc.).

Keywords: curing period, mass transfer processes, plastic shrinkage, concrete structure, concrete strength, reconstruction, buildings and structures

The article examines the application of properties of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAK) polycomplex composition for soil strengthening. During the studies, the ratio of PEI and PAA (by dry weight) was established, at which the reagents most fully enter the complexation reaction. The polycomplex composition of the optimal composition was used to strengthen the soils of some varieties. When studying the properties of hardened soils, dependencies were obtained: the ultimate strength of the hardened soil on the relative humidity and the thickness of the layer of hardened soil on the consumption of complexing reagents. The paper concluded that the use of polycomplexes for soil strengthening is promising.

Keywords: polycomplex composition, soil strengthening, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylic acid, impregnation method, dedusting, optimal humidity

A technological scheme for the production of biostable materials based on monoethanol-modified (N→B)-trihydroxyborate (MEATHB) stems of Sosnovsky's borer and polyurethane binder has been developed. This technological scheme differs from the traditional one in that it includes the process of plant raw material modification to ensure its biostability. The paper presents the results of determining the thermophysical properties of the obtained thermal insulation boards, as well as the results of assessing their biostability. The obtained results correspond to the current requirements for thermal insulation materials. The paper analyzes the main stages and processes necessary to create a high-quality and environmentally friendly product. The main types of plant raw materials used in the production of thermal insulation materials are considered, as well as the features of technological processes associated with its processing and formation. In addition, the advantages of using plant materials in the production of thermal insulation materials from the point of view of ecology are presented.

Keywords: technological scheme, biostable composites, Sosnovsky's borer, modification, biostability, monoethanolamino(N→B)-trihydroxyborate, heat-insulating material

In the article there was considered a possibility of off-grade materials utilization for making fine concrete with a multicomponent complex additive applied. Use of fine sands as raw material for fine concretes is actual for many regions in Russia because of deficiency of sands of necessary fineness modulus. There was considered the issue of utilization of fine sand and stale cement for reducing cost (loss), widening materials’ assortment for low-rise building, and energy- and resource-saving. To achieve the assigned purpose a multicomponent complex additive was applied. The research was carried out in full correspondence with the adopted design of the fractional factorial experiment. The acquired results were subject to a preliminary analysis and processing, and consequently dependences of strength properties upon varying factors were obtained. The obtained dependences made it possible to select optimal ingredients’ proportion of the complex modifying additive in order to increase strength properties of fine concrete based on off-grade materials. It was established that the use of optimal consumption of the complex additive components allows increase strength properties by 25-30% in comparison with the reference composition.

Keywords: fine concrete, fine sand, stale cement, complex additive, fractional factorial experiment, strength

Increasing the energy efficiency of the construction process involves the use of materials with the lowest material intensity, including thickness, as well as with a reduced content of Portland cement clinker while maintaining or improving the technical characteristics of the products. In this regard, the use of textile concrete products, including concrete sheets, is promising. The development of a composite binder containing components that reduce nega-tive pressure in hardening concrete, and consequently shrinkage deformations and cracking, made it possible to obtain products with the following waterproofness indicators: determined by the ""wet spot"" method: 1.2 MPa; with a filtration coefficient of 5-7×10-11 cm / s; the concrete waterproof grade W12

Keywords: textile-concrete, concrete web, water resistance, shrinkage during hardening, cracking, fine concrete

Clinker tiles are one of the most popular types of roofing materials. Compared to other roof coverings, clinker tiles have higher strength, resistance to aggressive environments and aesthetic indicators. The relevance of the production of clinker tiles due to the fact that at present architects and builders are showing great interest in such an elite roofing material such as clinker tiles. However, the main trends in the production of ceramic tiles are to increase its strength while reducing weight by reducing the thickness. The conducted research has shown that the production of clinker tile on the basis of argillites Nekrasovskogo deposit is possible at a fractional composition of 0-0,08 mm, 0-0,05 mm and firing temperature of 1050 ˚C.

Keywords: argillite, tile, clinker, research, chemical composition, mineral composition, ceramic products, properties, technology

This paper is aimed to present the produced compositions of bitumen- mineral open (BMO) mixtures for the Novoselovsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Federal Road M53 runs through the area and in this district in particular it is characterized by steep ascents and descents. To ensure the required adhesion properties of road asphalt concrete pavements with car wheels for thepurpose of traffic safety in the area under study, the construction of rough wearinglayers or toppings from BMO mixtures has been suggested. Compositioncalculations were carried out using local mineral materials and BMO mixtures,after which test samples were prepared in laboratory conditions. It has beenestablished that the developed BMO mixture compositions meet all regulatory requirements. Recommendations are developed for the factory technology ofpreparing bitumen-mineral open mixtures and the design of rough wearing layers.Instructions for technical control during the preparation of BMO mixtures aregiven. The Road Repair and Construction Department of the Novoselovsky districthas already introduced the obtained compositions into the practice of road construction.

Keywords: bitumen-mineral open mixtures, rough wearing layers, toppings, roads, asphalt concrete, bitumen, crushed stone, sand, compositions, technology

Expert work has been carried out to determine the causes of the low adhesion strength of hand-molded ceramic bricks with Maxpol colored masonry mortar. The tests were carried out in accordance with GOST 24992 on 6 series of samples aged 7 and 28 days of hardening. The adhesion strength in the series of tested samples at 7 days of age, which were washed with running water, is 54% higher compared to the samples that were not treated.The compressive strength of Maxpol colored masonry mortar meets the requirements of technical specifications 23.64.10-001-79211444-2017 . The adhesion strength in the masonry meets the requirements of technical specifications only in a series of hand-molded bricks that have been treated with running water at the age of 28 days.

Keywords: ceramic brick, colored masonry mortar, adhesion strength, compressive strength, separation area

Calculation and analytical studies have been carried out on the influence of the duration of operation of nuclear power plants (NPP) when extending their service life on radiation and radiation-thermal changes of volume and compressive strength in serpentinite concrete of “dry” radiation-thermal shield (hereinafter referred to as “dry” shield) of Water-Water Energetic Reactors (WWER /VVER) different power. Concrete based on typical serpentinite aggregate from the Bazhenov deposit, used for the production for concrete of “dry” shield, is considered. It has been established that with increasing operating duration, radiation changes of the serpentinite concretes in “dry” shield of NPPs with VVER will generally increase monotonically and, in terms of volume changes, can become commensurate with or even exceed permissible values. In this regard, radiation changes in the concrete of «dry» shield should be taken into account when extending the operating life of nuclear power plants. It has been shown that radiation changes in the concrete of “dry” shield for NPPs with VVER-440 are 2 - 4 times more significant than of “dry” shield concrete for NPPs with VVER-1000. Radiation changes in the concrete of "dry" shield increase with decreasing average operating temperature. Thermal changes in serpentinite concretes of "dry" shield when exposed to operational and emergency temperatures increase with temperature and make a significant contribution to radiation-thermal changes in dry-shield concretes. The results obtained can be used to establish the permissible period for extending the operation of nuclear power plants with reactors of the VVER 440 and VVER-1000 types based on radiation-thermal changes in serpentinite concrete of "dry" shield.

Keywords: radiation, thermal, radiation-thermal changes, serpentinite concrete, “dry” radiation-thermal shield, water-water energetic reactors, extension of the operating life of NPP

The urgency of creating systems to stabilize and strengthen soils is due to the need to build buildings, structures and roads in regions where clay soils, as well as loams and sandy loams are widespread. The article formulates the main technological and technical requirements for stabilized soils. The principal possibility of applying a complex modification of the soil by introducing a composite composition of quicklime and finely ground granulated blast furnace slag in combination with mechanical compaction is considered. The results of studies of soil modification by composite composition are presented, the purpose of which is to make the soil suitable not only for the installation of anti-filtration curtains in soils during the development of pits, but also for foundations and basements. The results of studies of the properties of stabilized soil are presented.

Keywords: unstabilized soil, soil modification, loam, quicklime, ground slag, analytical optimization

The main properties of slag-alkaline binders were studied to determine their optimal composition. The possibility of controlling the properties of binders developed on the basis of phosphorus and blast furnace slag by introducing corrective additives into the aluminosilicate component of slag-alkaline binders, as well as by changing the type of alkaline component, has been experimentally proven. The conducted studies confirm the effectiveness of the use of sulfate-containing alkaline components for the production of slag-alkaline binders. As a result of the conducted experiments, slag-alkaline binders with an activity of 30 to 110 MPa were obtained. The possibility of regulating the properties of the developed slag-alkaline binders has been established. The required binding strength is achieved by adjusting the composition of the aluminosilicate component by introducing additives and the type of alkaline component.

Keywords: alkali-silk binders, slags, optimal composition, basicity, chromium peak, construction materials, reconstruction, work technology

There has been studied the influence of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent composition on its key strength properties. The study was aimed on the definition of such consumption of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent components, which could allow maximum ultimate compression strength with minimum consumption of Portland cement provided. As the components of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent, there have been used plaster, Portland cement, and the most wide-spread in the region pozzolana additive. An experiment design was developed to fulfil the work. The research was held in correspondence with the design, and the acquired results made it possible to estimate and analyze descriptive statistics, and expose the influence of components on strength properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. In the course of the analysis it was specified that pozzolana additive consumption factor, and interaction of consumptions of plaster and Portland cement exert a positive influence on strength properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. There have been acquired mathematical models of the influence of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent components consumption on ultimate compression and bending strength of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. The said model allow forecasting gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent composition to have a desired ultimate compression strength. An optimization was carried out and there was acquired a composition of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent with maximum ultimate compression strength with minimum consumption of Portland cement provided.

Keywords: gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent, optimization of composition, ultimate strength, experiment design, descriptive statistics, superposed diagram, correlogram, ternar chart

The results of the coefficients of iciness for the northern and southern walls, in the attachment points of the frame of the ventilated facade for wall fences made of three-layer reinforced concrete panels with an internal thermal insulation layer are presented. The durability of the anchor attachment of the hinged ventilated facade is determined, depending on the frost resistance of the outer layer of the three-layer wall panel and the orientation of the wall to the north or south.

Keywords: hinged ventilated facade, reinforced concrete three-layer panel, attachment point of the hinged facade, ice coefficients, durability

The article provides an overview of the analysis and diagnosis of product surface defects, evaluated using digital image processing. The search for scientific publications was carried out mainly in the Scopus and RSCI scientometric bases for the period 2019-2023. The purpose of this article is to determine the best methods for assessing the destruction of materials using digital images. The main methods of processing and analyzing digital images are considered. The perspective of unification of segmentation modes by digital image acquisition sources and combining images from various recording sources to obtain objective information on the nature of material destruction is shown. To reduce the time for assessing the degree of destruction of materials, it is proposed to gradually use the methods of segmentation, filtering digital images of defects in metal products with subsequent calculation by a neural network.

Keywords: defect, control, digital image, neural network.

The article discusses the issues of 3D-printing and reinforcement of concrete mix with an automated reinforcement integration system, analyzes the effect of the mixture on the dynamics of the construction printer. During the work of the construction 3 D-printer, data was obtained from the accelerometer in the form of graphs of the oscillation frequency of the construction printer, which characterize the main operating parameters. The valve feed was arranged in such a way as to ensure application with virtually no stress. A roller feeder for the rear of the nozzle has been developed for this purpose. Experimental curves of force dependence on displacement for 40 × 40 mm samples with reinforcement reinforcement are presented.

Keywords: construction 3D printer, concrete mix, vibration pattern, accelerometer, reinforcement integration

The paper presents the results of research on the application of gypsum hydrate cakes, the waste products of the refining process at the Krastsvetmet non-ferrous metals plant, for the production of construction materials. The study examined pasty cakes for use in building mortars, and after drying and grinding, the resulting cake powder was further used as a fine filler in asphalt concrete mixes. The optimal composition of the construction mortar was determined using a mathematical method of experimental design. The construction mortars were prepared based on cement and local mineral materials. The study demonstrated that it is possible to get construction mortars of the required strength based on the cakes. The cake powder obtained after drying was examined as a mineral powder for asphalt concrete. Tests showed that the cakes met the requirements for grade MP-3 mineral powders in all aspects. Asphalt concrete incorporating the cakes also met the regulatory standards for its key properties. Based on the research results, the optimal compositions of mortars and asphalt concrete were recommended for implementation to construction companies in the Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Keywords: waste products, cakes, construction mortars, compositions, properties, regression equations, durability, water retention capacity, segregation, mineral powder, asphalt concrete

The impact of the alkali NaOH on the structure and morphology of cellulose has been considered. Using X-ray spectroscopic microanalysis and electron microscopy, it has been determined that treatment of wood cellulose with aqueous solutions of NaOH allows to reduce the content of lignin in cellulose and significantly improve the topography of the fibers. A comparative analysis of alkali cellulose samples was conducted, obtained during treatment with NaOH solutions of 13.7% and 12.3% concentration for a process duration of 5.5 hours, at a temperature of 124 °C. It has been established that at the considered concentrations of NaOH, approximately ~75% and ~50% of lignin is removed from the original cellulose, respectively. The results of infrared spectroscopy indicate an increase in the amorphization of alkali cellulose. Alkali cellulose, formed at a NaOH concentration of 13.7%, exhibits superior morphological uniformity and a lower lignin content.

Keywords: wood cellulose, chemical treatment, alkalinity, lignin, X-ray spectral microanalysis, electron microscopy

The article examines the influence of various superplasticizers on the performance characteristics of concrete. A series of tests of samples-beams of fine-grained concrete modified with plasticizers of various types was carried out. The optimal amount of the introduced additive was experimentally determined to compare the plasticizing effect of the cement-sand mixture. Experimental data are given indicating the main operational characteristics of the material depending on the additive used. The most effective additive "Polyplast SP-3" has been determined.

Keywords: concrete, fine-grained concrete, mixture, lignosulfonates, polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonates, plasticizer, superplasticizer, water demand, plasticity

This article presents the developed compositions of dry mortar mixtures for the preparation of fine-grained concrete. For the preparation of these mixtures, the technology of electromagnetic action on the dry components of solutions was applied. As a result of the use of a magnetic field to activate and increase the reactivity of the mixture, the physical and mechanical characteristics of fine-grained concrete have significantly improved. The increase in the compressive strength of the samples reached more than 70% compared to the strength of samples prepared using conventional technology without the use of magnetic treatment of dry components of the mixture.

Keywords: dry mix, magnetic treatment, linear induction rotator, fine-grained concrete, strength

The article shows the possibility of reducing the water demand of clinker binders based on gypsum-free cement with a multicomponent additive of technical lignosulfonate and an aqueous solution of sodium silicate. The possibility of obtaining composites based on modified gypsum-free cement with improved properties for building structures has been demonstrated.

Keywords: composite, gypsum-free cement, composition, technical lignosulfonate, concrete, Portland cement, sodium silicate, strength

The article discusses the existing methods for calculating the strength of a normal section in multilayer bending structures. The experience of Russian and foreign researchers was analyzed, the approaches described in domestic and foreign regulatory documents were compared, and key differences were identified. At the same time, special attention is paid to the mathematical description of the work of concrete as a material. It was concluded that further research is expedient to find the most optimal method for calculating multilayer structures.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, multilayer structures, calculation method, bending element, normal section, stresses, high-strength concrete, stress diagram, description of concrete work, bending moment, neutral axis

The article shows the possibility of producing a composite using carbon black as a filler. Trivalent chromium oxide was chosen not only as a pigment component, but also as a light stabilizer. The results obtained allow us to say that the dispersed composition is efficient. Compositions based on carbon black and containing trivalent chromium oxide in an amount of 1% exhibit electrically conductive properties.

Keywords: pyrolysis carbon, chemical composition, structural and morphological characteristics, elemental composition, energy dispersive spectrum, micrograph, epoxy binder, polyethylene polyamine, trivalent chromium oxide, thermal conductivity, electrical conductiv

This article is a study of the physical and mechanical characteristics and wave parameters of porous fibrous materials (PFM) used in providing sound insulation and vibration protection of buildings and structures. In the work, the classification of porous-fibrous materials according to the initial raw material and various degrees of rigidity is carried out, the main physical and mechanical characteristics and wave parameters of porous fibrous materials, and theoretical methods for their determination are presented. The results of laboratory measurements of the physical-mechanical and wave characteristics of PFM samples (glass and stone bases of various density and thickness) are presented. An extensive experimental study has been carried out in order to evaluate the main relationships between the sample material, its density, feedstock, structure, size, and its acoustic, physical-mechanical and wave characteristics. The results of the study are of great practical importance for the development of acoustically effective building materials and their optimal use in construction and engineering systems.

Keywords: acoustic measurements, acoustic design, building materials, characteristics of porous-fibrous materials, sound insulation, vibration protection of buildings and structures