The article presents the algorithm of the step method for determining the limit loads for elastic-plastic rod systems. The development of the iterative process with the hypotheses used is given, taking into account the influence of the moment and longitudinal force on the limit state of individual sections, the lenght of the plastic deformation zones along the lenght of the rod. The advantage of the step-by-step method for determining the limit loads in rod systems in comparison with the "direct method " of A.R.Rzhanitsyn is demonstrated. The functions of forms depending on the type of section in explicit form are defined; the algorithm of tabulation of the form function is developed.
Keywords: slab and pile foundation, settlement of the building,stress-strain state,homogeneous anisotropic analog,finite element method
Beams are structural elements subjected to bending loads transverse to their longitudinal axis. For steel beams, which compressed flange is not laterally restrained, checking loss of overall stability is often authoritative in determining their section. In engineering practice are known various approaches to verify the assurance of the steel beam against lateral-torsional buckling. In this article the attention is focused to the methods and their characteristics, described in actual version of the European standard EN1993-1-1.
Keywords: lateral-torsional buckling, steel beams, critical bending force, FEA