The paper considers the solution of an urgent scientific and technical problem of developing a tilt angle sensor designed for automated position measurement of optical and optoelectronic systems. The principle of operation of the tilt angle sensor or inclinometer is to measure the direction of acceleration of gravity in the coordinate system associated with the target object, which allows calculating the angles of deviation of the vertical axis of the object from the ideal position. Capacitive sensors measure the angle of inclination by monitoring changes in capacitance due to external influences and often have a fairly simple design. In this paper, we consider a sensor design that uses a metal ball moving in a dielectric tube with electrodes attached to it. To investigate the possibilities of optimizing the device, a mock-up was developed on which the change in capacitance was analyzed depending on the size of the ball, the diameter of the tube and the shape of the electrodes. An important goal of this study was to determine the optimal diameter of the ball inside the dielectric tube to obtain the most noticeable changes in capacitance. The best results were obtained using a metal ball with a diameter slightly smaller than that of a dielectric tube. To measure the capacitance the "capacity–frequency" conversion can be used, followed by measuring the latter using a microcontroller. The resulting capacitance values are very small, which leads to a significant impact of any connecting wires and requires reducing the distance between the primary converter and the signal processing circuit, which can be achieved using micromechanics and microelectromechanics technologies and integrating the entire sensor design into one miniature housing. At the same time, with a decrease in the size of the elements of the primary converter, the value of the detected capacitance will obviously decrease, which will significantly complicate its conversion into an electrical signal.

Keywords: tilt angle, electronic sensor, inclinometer, position control, capacity change, primary converter, auto generator, miniaturization

In the article the sustainability of the network model of districts within the subsidized region is investigated both in terms of each of their dynamic parameters: fixed assets, labor population and its efficiency; and in their combination. In addition, the problem of the lower level in the hierarchical system is solved in the form of a Nash equilibrium – optimal district strategies are found for a given known distribution of subsidies by the region between them. It has been revealed that if there are subsidies to the district, agents do not care how much money is allocated to the development of the district, since all consumption of the district is provided by subsidies, and there are no subsidies to the district, it has to spend 90% of gross product to invest in production.

Keywords: continuous dynamic model, discrete dynamic model, subsidized region, target functions, share of investments, relationships between districts, fertility rate, mortality rate, fixed assets, labor population, Nash equilibrium

This study investigates the applicability of pultruded glass fiber–reinforced polymer composites for structural components in oilfield infrastructure, focusing on their performance under aggressive environmental conditions. The introduction highlights the challenges of corrosion and logistics in traditional steel-based oilfield structures, proposing polymer composites as a viable alternative due to their low weight and high resistance to environmental degradation. The research objectives included evaluating the composites’ resistance to chemical exposure, freeze–thaw cycles, and climatic aging. Experimental methods involved testing density, water absorption, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity under simulated oilfield conditions, including immersion in 1 wt% NaOH and 10 wt% HCl, frost resistance tests in 5 wt% NaCl, and cyclic temperature–humidity exposure. Results showed that the composites maintained ≥90% tensile strength, ≥85% flexural modulus, and water absorption ≤0.5% after 240 hours of exposure, with no significant degradation observed. Statistical modeling identified serviceability thresholds for specific environmental parameters. The study concludes that pultruded polymer composites are feasible for oilfield infrastructure, offering comparable mechanical performance to steel with reduced operational costs.

Keywords: pultrusion, glass fiber composite, polymer composite, oilfield infrastructure, environmental degradation, mechanical property, chemical immersion, freeze–thaw cycling, climatic aging

Currently, rechargeable batteries are widely used in various fields of technology. They are created by connecting batteries in parallel into blocks, and then sequentially connecting blocks into batteries. The batteries produced by the industry have a technological variation of parameters and the connection of batteries into blocks should not be made randomly, but taking into account their individual parameters. The article discusses the creation of a hardware and software complex based on an industrial robot arm designed to extract batteries from an array of batteries with known parameters and install them in cells of an assembly cassette in a sequence that takes into account the individual parameters of the batteries. Both the hardware and the software part of the battery transfer complex are being considered. The adjustment of the manipulator to the possible displacement of the batteries in the storage area and the assembly cassette is carried out through the use of technical vision.

Keywords: hardware and software complex, industrial robot, adaptive manipulator, battery, algorithm

Currently, bitumen-polymer roofing materials are used in the construction of various types of buildings and structures, which have sufficient strength characteristics, wear resistance, water resistance and are convenient for installation. The mechanical properties of bitumen-polymer materials are significantly affected by the operating temperature. Of scientific interest is the analysis of the possibility of restoring the integrity of bitumen-polymer roofing materials at elevated temperatures, damaged as a result of mechanical stress at subzero temperatures. The article presents the results of testing the flexibility of samples of roofing bitumen-polymer materials at subzero temperatures. The samples that were damaged during the test were subjected to subsequent heating in a temperature chamber in order to identify the possibility of restoring the integrity of the material and the temperature at which the restoration would occur. The analysis of the test results showed the possibility of restoring the integrity of the material and the direct dependence of the quality of restoration of integrity on the heating temperature of the material.

Keywords: restoration of integrity, bitumen-polymer materials, roofing materials, flexibility, influence of temperature

As part of the analysis of the environmental situation on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2023, it was found that in 120 cities the level of atmospheric air pollution exceeds the permissible hygienic standards. Industrial areas are considered "hot spots" where various air pollutants are generated as a result of ongoing industrial activity. An assessment of the NDVI index values and the compliance of the landscaping area of the sanitary protection zones of the largest enterprises of the Northern Industrial Zone of Volgograd, located in the immediate vicinity of residential buildings, with established regional standards was carried out. The data obtained showed low values of the NDVI index and non-compliance of the landscaping area with the established requirements, which confirms the need for systematic monitoring of the condition of green spaces, the implementation of projects for landscaping sanitary protection zones, taking into account the resistance of the rock composition of plantings to harmful impurities contained in the ambient air of the plant.

Keywords: object of negative impact, sanitary protection zone, landscaping, normalized vegetation index, pollutant emissions, air quality of an urbanized area

The article deals with the principles of creating software used as part of sensing systems for restoring the visibility of the gas smoke protection service link in a smoke-filled environment during rescue operations. The architectural part of the device and the description of algorithms of the device operation are described. Attention is paid to the methods of forming a digital model of obstacle heights and visualization of the spatial situation. Approaches to filtering of erroneous sensor values and selection of significant contours of objects, processing of data from ultrasonic grating, infrared sensors, as well as temperature and humidity sensors are given. The role of the device in providing accurate navigation, reducing the time to search for the fire center and improving the overall safety of the gas smoke protection service unit when working in a smoky environment is emphasized.

Keywords: smoke protection service, smoke-filled environment, sensing device, algorithms, software, firefighting, reconnaissance, modeling, navigation, sensor data

The article discusses a mathematical model of the production application distribution process on an aggregator platform. A formal approach based on a finite state machine and Petri nets is proposed to describe the states of orders, their transitions and constraints. A comprehensive model has been developed that takes into account the criteria for selecting a contractor, selecting equipment, and analyzing the production process, taking into account time, cost, and resource availability. The presented approaches ensure accuracy and efficiency in order management on digital production platforms.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, finite state machine, Petri net, digital production, service aggregator, choice of contractor

This work is devoted to describing the development and integration of two key subsystems of an insect-like six-legged robot: a gait control module and a computer vision system for autonomous navigation. It examines architectural solutions, algorithmic foundations, and the practical implementation of components that ensure stable movement and intelligent interaction of the robot with its surroundings.

Keywords: insect-like robot, gait control module, computer vision, autonomous navigation, ROS2, SLAM, RTABMap, NAV2, OctoMap, tripod gait, Raspberry Pi, LiDAR

Polymer composite materials have been widely used in the construction industry. Currently, these materials are used to restore the operability of buildings and structures, regardless of their functional purpose. To date, the production process is carried out manually and in this regard, there is a need to develop tooling and organizational and technological methods to strengthen structures with polymer-composite materials that increase labor productivity. Due to the insufficient amount of research in this area, the regulatory documentation regulating the procedure for performing quality control of construction and installation works at all stages of restoration of building structures with polymer-composite materials is very limited. In this article, typical solutions for strengthening building structures are considered, various types of polymer-composite materials used in reinforcement are indicated, and the structure of the reinforcement process is described. In addition, an assessment of the time spent in the production of work manually and using small-scale mechanization with the use of additional equipment was carried out. It should also be noted that based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, issues requiring a systematic approach to their solution have been identified. The development and improvement of the regulatory framework, organizational and technological solutions will ensure the further development and application of composite materials in the construction industry.

Keywords: reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement, composite materials, technological solutions, entrance control, operational control, acceptance control

The article discusses a methodology for predicting global horizontal radiation for the day ahead, based on the concept of characteristic days – typical daily profiles of global horizontal insolation. The method is aimed at use in the absence of operational meteorological information and is intended as an alternative (backup) method of short-term forecasting in autonomous energy systems. As a test case, data from the Murino station (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug), obtained from the PVGIS service based on ERA5 reanalysis, was used. The average and median characteristic days for each month are constructed and the accuracy of forecasts using the RMSE, MAE, MdAE and R2 metrics is compared. It is shown that median profiles provide more stable results in conditions of increased weather variability. The method can be used for approximate planning of photovoltaic installations in remote and northern regions with limited access to meteorological data.

Keywords: solar radiation, global horizontal insolation, ERA5, statistical forecasting methods, forecasting in energy systems, forecasting horizon, forecasting for the day ahead, methods for constructing characteristic days, average and median profiles

The effect of the feed on the tooth on the durability of a carbide tool when cutting corrosion-resistant austenitic steel 08H18N10T on a milling machine is being experimentally investigated. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms of tool wear, chip formation and the phenomenon of riveting in various cutting modes. It is shown that a paradoxical decrease in feed from 0.07 mm/tooth to 0.06 mm/tooth increases adhesive wear and worsens chip removal, which leads to a decrease in tool durability by 5.7% and a decrease in the number of cuts by 16-23%. The test results confirm that the optimal feed rate is 0.07 mm/tooth ensures a stable process with abrasive wear and curled chips, increasing tool life.

Keywords: cutting, austenitic steel 08H18N10T, carbide tool, tool durability, tooth feed, adhesive wear, chip formation, riveting, optimization of cutting modes

The article discusses the main methods of carbon black granulation, and compares the results with an existing industrial installation. The granulation process is necessary to convert powdered carbon black into homogeneous granules in order to simplify its further transportation and use. Despite the wide variety of granulation methods, there are problems with the uniformity of granules, equipment wear, and the formation of stagnant zones. As a result of the experiments conducted on the laboratory granulator described in the article, photos of the results are provided. Each of the methods used has a description of stagnation zones, which allows us to conclude that the most efficient method is to convert powdered carbon black into granules.

Keywords: pelletizing, wear, granulator, rotor fingers, experiment, technique, carbon black

The article discusses methods that increase the effectiveness of additives for the preparation of concrete mixtures. The hydration of cement systems with various mineral and material compositions has been studied. The results of experimental studies confirming an increase in the effectiveness of plasticizing additives in optimizing the composition of concrete mixtures through the use of finely ground complex additives and the preliminary creation of hydrate neoplasms in concrete mixtures are described.

Keywords: concrete, hydration, concrete mix, additive, cement stone, mobility, efficiency, properties, strength

Explicit formulas for the spectral characteristic and optimal linear filtration operator with a forecast for stochastic L–Markov processes are obtained using methods of spectral analysis of random processes, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and using stochastic differential-difference equations. An interesting example of an optimal filtration operator with a forecast for an L-Markov process with a quasi-rational spectral density generalizing the rational one is constructed for technical applications. It is shown that the forecast filtering operator is the sum of a linear combination of the values of the received signal at some time points and the integral of an exponentially decaying weight function.

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, prediction filtering, spectral characteristic, filtration operator

The paper develops an algorithm for constructing an optimal lagged filtration operator for an L-Markov process. The explicit formula of the filtration operator is obtained on the basis of methods for calculating stochastic integrals and the theory of analytical functions of a complex variable using spectral analysis and the theory of L-Markov processes. An interesting example of an optimal lagged filtration operator for an L-Markov process is considered, which can be used for modeling and controlling complex stochastic systems. It is shown that this operator is represented as a linear combination of the values of the received signal and an integral with an exponentially decaying function.

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, noise, lag filtering, spectral characteristic, filtering operator

The article considers the influence of seismic load at different points on underground polyethylene gas pipelines in areas of possible earthquakes. It is revealed that the seismic load is the main load affecting underground gas pipelines. The critical ratio of the bending radius to the diameter of the gas pipeline is investigated. It is proved that with a bending radius of at least 25 pipe diameters, the pipeline retains its strength in areas with increased seismic hazard.

Keywords: underground gas pipelines, seismic activity, loads, bending radius, structural strength