Currently, materials made of cellular concrete are increasingly used in construction. The strength of the cellular blocks depend on their densities. According to the test results, the dependence of the strength of aerated concrete samples on their density was obtained. However, if we reinforce the aerated concrete blocks with fiber, we will get very different values. When reinforcing cellular concrete with fibrillated fiber, the dependence of strength on density varies – the strength of the samples increases 1.8 – 2.4 times, compared with the strength of non-reinforced samples at a constant density. This means that when fiber is included in cellular concrete, blocks of such low grades as D300 - D400 can be used for the construction of load-bearing walls in low-rise construction

Keywords: cellular concrete, aerated concrete, density, strength, reinforcement, fiber, thermal insulation, bearing wall, enclosing structure

Accelerating the pace of construction of modern and affordable housing with energy efficiency class not lower than B +. This implies the creation of technologies that contribute to an increase in the production of relatively inexpensive heat-shielding materials produced from mineral melts, and used in the construction of flat roofs or used coatings. The developed materials possess a complex of valuable operational properties. There is a significant improvement in the characteristics of the material characteristics - thermal conductivity, compressive strength, water absorption by weight and cold resistance. Improving the insulating properties is enhanced when additives are present in the formulations that saturate the system with lead oxide.

Keywords: energy efficiency, heat protection, silica opoka, fluxing additives, silicon, calcium, high-temperature foaming

Fire-retardant gypsum solutions on exfoliated vermiculite were studied using volcanic ash and the multi-functional additive D – 5. It was revealed that the introduction of the D-5 additive by weight from the binder significantly speeds up the setting time of the composite gypsum solution on the expanded vermiculite. gypsum-vermiculite solutions with additives of Portland cement and D – 5 have a higher water resistance.The compositions of composite gypsum solution on exfoliated vermiculite and ash have been developed. It has been established that volcanic ash of a fraction of 0.0–0.315 mm can be replaced by expanded vermiculite without a noticeable increase in average density. Additives of Portland cement and D – 5 increase the strength of the gypsum composite vermiculite solution with ash, the softening coefficient of the composite increases to 0.75.

Keywords: gypsum, portland cement, expanded vermiculite, volcanic ash, additive D-5, fire protection, gypsum vermiculite solution, tensile strength at bending and compression, average density, softening coefficient

Fibroenothobetons with the use of sawing volcanic tuff were investigated. The compositions of fibropenot phobetons with the use of nylon and basalt fibers have been developed, which allow to significantly reduce shrinkage deformations and increase the strength characteristics of foam phobeton. The maximum increase in compressive strength by 38% and during bending by 110% is observed in samples of fibroenophoto concrete with a reinforcement of 0.6% by volume with basalt fibers. The combination of nylon and basalt fibers is more effective for reducing the shrinkage of foam photon concrete compared to mono-reinforced samples.

Keywords: portland cement, tuff sawing waste, Neopor 400 frother, nylon and basalt fiber, polyheating, foam concrete, fibroenote sand concrete, bending and compression strength, shrinkage

The dependence of the strength of concrete on the bulk density of cement is analyzed, taking into account the length of storage time, which can be easily determined in the conditions of the construction site.The mechanism of accelerated strength analysis of concrete structures, which is based on the bulk density of cement, is developed and proposed. The mathematical dependence is revealed

Keywords: cement bulk density, concrete strength, cement, concrete, mathematical dependence

Porous concrete is a new type of concrete with high permeability of water flows. It is advisable to use this type of concrete in road construction for the device filtration zones. This will allow to remove water from the carriageway, especially in places where there is no storm sewer. Infiltration of water flows through concrete pavement coatings contributes to their rapid removal from the surface, reducing slipperiness and water planning. The use of macroporous concrete will minimize flooding of car parks and roads. The results of the study confirm that permeable concrete surfaces function stably over time and are not silted with sand and soil.

Keywords: porous concrete, permeable surface, filtration, storm sewage, water

Presented and theoretically justified ways of improving the technology of centrifugation, to increase the uniformity of the concrete structure in the cross section, for example, by way of separate introduction of the components of concrete, the essence of which in the manufacture of spun goods consists in the introduction into the molding unit prior to the stage of compaction of coarse aggregate. The results of physical and mechanical tests of centrifuged concrete, showing that the layer-by-layer introduction of the concrete mixture components by the first method leads to an increase in the compressive strength in all layers of centrifuged concrete

Keywords: concrete, centrifugation, uniformity of structure, layer-by-layer introduction of components, compaction, water absorption at capillary suction, strength

Offers on the rational organization of control of durability of concrete according to GOST 18105 for modular products, commodity concrete mix and monolithic designs are presented. The concept of "moving analyzed period"is introduced. It is shown that it is not reasonable to use the control scheme for the control of the indirect indicators and the development of rapid methods for assessing the strength of concrete in the control of commercial concrete mixtures. The rational organization of concrete strength control of monolithic structures using direct and indirect methods is proposed. The groundlessness of application of statistical methods of control at control of durability of concrete of monolithic designs is shown.

Keywords: control of the concrete strength, the analyzed period, the control scheme, the actual concrete strength

" The analysis of the influence of superplasticizers based on polycarboxylates on the formation of physical and mechanical properties of concrete under thermal influence. It is established that the high efficiency of the steamed self-compacting concrete with polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers is achieved at low-temperature modes of heat treatment. Rational mode of heat treatment of concrete should be assigned to the quality parameter established by the results of experimental studies. Article is published within implementation of the program of the International Forum «Victorious May, 1945»."

Keywords: construction materials producing industry, unburnt synthanite, apparatus with vortex layer, innovation, commercial soundness of investments, investment prospects, method of variation of parameters, uncertainty

The use of ultrathin sand as the main raw material in the production of concrete made by semi-dry molding is relevant for many regions of Russia due to the lack of sand with a high modulus of grain size and solid stone. The article presents the results of the analysis of the possible use of sands with a modulus of particle size Mcr = 0.8-1.4 in pressed small-sized concrete paving products for sidewalks. Replacing ordinary sand up to 80% with fine-grained does not reduce strength and performance properties. The transition to fine-grained and silty sands reduces the cost of production.

Keywords: concrete, semi-dry pressing, knitting, ultra-fine sand, hyper-plasticizer, strength

The article is a structured source of relevant types of building materials, which are used in the design of facades of high-rise buildings and structures. The technological features of each of them are considered and examples are given from the construction practice, in particular, the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Keywords: High building, facade, panorama of the city, construction material, architectural-planning solution, atmospheric exposure, ""mirror"" material, economical raw materials, ventilation, combined facade

The study and the analysis of the data about a high flammability (class KM5), combustibility (В3), inflammability (class G3-G4), velocity of burning velocity speed (РП3), smoke generation capacity (D3), toxicity of combustion products of the polystyrene foam which have an over-cumulative action (carbon oxide, hydrocyanic acid, benzyl, phenyl ethylene) (Т3 – Т4) were carried out. It was suggested to reduce the use of the polystyrene foam in construction by means of replacing it with inflammable materials.

Keywords: polystyrene foam, flammability, toxicity, maximal allowable concentration (MAC), carbon oxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocyanic acid, benzyl, phenyl ethylene, thermal destruction, smoke formation.

The possibility of creating centrifuged products of an annular cross section with a variotropic structure due to the introduction of a porous aggregate is considered. Various methods of introducing coarse aggregate have been studied in order to increase the uniformity of the physicomechanical properties of centrifuged products. The study examines the effect of various types of fiber fibers on the physicomechanical properties of centrifuged concrete. The results of physical and mechanical tests of fiber-reinforced concrete showed that the greatest effect on compressive strength is achieved with the introduction of a metal fiber into the composition. At the same time, shrinkage deformations are lower by 20% in the composition with basalt fiber as compared with the control fiber. Studied recipe-technological techniques have proven their effectiveness and can be successfully applied in construction practice.

Keywords: centrifuged concrete, fiber, fiber concrete, coarse aggregate, porous aggregate, variotropic structure

Today’s in the market of building materials there are a large number of roofing materials for pitched roofs. The materials for pitched roofs on the basis of its composition can be divided into mineral (cement concrete and clay roof tiles, asbestos cement sheets and tiles), metal (metal roof tile, profiled steel sheet, clicklock, composite roof shingles) and organic (asphalt shingle, onduline). All of these materials have their advantages and disadvantages, so the task of choosing the optimal option is complex and requires special methods to eliminate the subjectivity of evaluation. The article describes the approach to selecting the best option of roofing material from the available options by the set of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. It is proposed to carry out the evaluation of options and selection of the best option based on the analytic hierarchy process. The article presents the results of the selection of the most appropriate roofing material for pitched roofs using the specified method.

Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, artificial intelligence, system analysis, decision-making, roofing materials

The article presents and studies the theoretical foundations of vibration and centrifugal compaction of heavy concrete in the production technology of building products and structures. Attention is paid to such a technique as vibropressing. The physical entity is described, the phenomena of the processes occurring during the molding of such products and structures are disclosed. The influence of dispersed reinforcement of vibrated and centrifuged concretes by various types of fiber fibers on their coefficient of structural quality is considered and evaluated.

Keywords: vibrated concrete, centrifuged concrete, dispersed reinforcement, coefficient of structural quality, vibropressing

Experimental studies were conducted on the selection of rocks whose properties would satisfy the requirements for decorative concrete blocks made from them. Such properties as decorative effect, compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, frost resistance, etc. were evaluated. The properties of fine aggregate were also evaluated, from carbonate rocks — sand. Based on the work carried out, proposals were developed for a rational selection of the composition of decorative concrete

Keywords: decorative features, abrasivity, marbled limestone, frost resistance, aggregates

The current state of the issue of the nomenclature of centrifuged thin-walled prefabricated reinforced concrete products of the ring configuration is analyzed. The scientific interest, which is represented by the technology of fiber reinforcement for such concretes, is grounded. The actual problems for concretes produced by the centrifugation method are indicated. A series of large-scale experimental studies has been carried out to establish the nature of the change in the properties of heavy concrete manufactured by various methods, depending on the reinforcement by different types of dispersed fibers. To systematize the accumulated experimental data, at the first stage of the investigation, products of low-strength concrete, class B20, manufactured by vibration and centrifugation, were molded and investigated, followed by a reduction to uniformity. The compressive strength and tensile strength, as well as their increments, depending on the type of reinforcing fiber-polypropylene, basalt or steel fiber, were studied. The effect on the properties of the investigated concrete of the B20 class is determined by the combination of various prescription and technological factors.

Keywords: centrifuged concrete, vibrated concrete, thin-walled reinforced concrete products, fiber reinforcement, polypropylene fiber, basalt fiber, steel fiber, compressive strength, tensile strength

The scientific interest, which is represented by research for concretes differing in strength characteristics, is substantiated. A series of large-scale experimental studies has been carried out to establish the nature of the change in the properties of heavy concrete manufactured by various methods, depending on the reinforcement by different types of dispersed fibers. At this stage of the study, in order to systematize the accumulated experimental data, the authors molded and examined products made of concrete of class B35, manufactured by vibration and centrifugation, with subsequent reduction to uniformity for the convenience of an analytical comparison of the results obtained. The compressive strength and tensile strength, as well as their increments, depending on the type of reinforcing fiber-polypropylene, basalt or steel fiber, were studied. The influence on the properties of the investigated concrete of class B35 on the combination of various prescription and technological factors has been established.

Keywords: centrifuged concrete, vibrated concrete, thin-walled reinforced concrete products, fiber reinforcement, polypropylene fiber, basalt fiber, steel fiber, compressive strength, tensile strength

The differential thermal analysis (DTA) necessary for the study of structural changes in dispersed silica – flask occurring at elevated temperatures is carried out. A comparative analysis of the results of electromicroscopic studies, showing the dependence of the structure of the surface of the flask on the temperature treatment. It is considered that the defining characteristic of the natural sorbent-flask in the process of wastewater treatment is its specific surface area and porous structure. The influence of calcination temperatures on the adsorption properties of the natural mineral – flask is considered.

Keywords: adsorbent, dispersed silica, differential thermal analysis, flask, adsorption properties, waste water, calcination, purification, temperature, adsorption

The article examines waste waterjet cutting steel. A comprehensive study of waste abrasive cutting was performed: the average and bulk density, particle size distribution, chemical composition were determined. It has been established that waste of hydroabrasive cutting of metals are very fine, heavy sands with a high content of dust-like fraction, in the chemical composition of which oxides of iron, silicon and aluminum predominate.

Keywords: green roof, thermal resistance, strength of parts of the structure, functional zone, limit states, construction, technology and organization of construction

Experimental verification of the existing method of analytical determination of radiation and thermal deformations of concretes and solutions on the basis of data on deformations of aggregate and cement stone for materials with low content of aggregates is carried out. The test was carried out on samples of solutions with different content of aggregate-sand based on the results of determining the size changes after heating at temperatures from 105 ° C to 400 ° C. It is shown that at the volume content of fillers less than 52% there are differences between the calculated and experimental values of changes in the size of solutions after heating. Moreover, the differences increase with the decrease in the volume content of the filler, with an increase in the heating temperature and the difference between the thermal deformations of the filler and the cement stone. The obtained results allow to correct the results of calculations using the specified existing analytical method for concretes and solutions with a filler content of less than 52%

Keywords: thermal and radiation deformations, solutions and concretes, analytical and experimental determination, filler content, microstructural stresses, cracking

An assessment was made of the possibility of obtaining high-strength concrete based on certain materials of SRV. The analysis of the effect on the ultimate strength of concrete in compression for the duration of hardening, the magnitude of the water-cement ratio, and the properties of materials was performed. A technique for selecting efficient materials for the production of high-strength concrete based on an estimate of the specific consumption of cement is given. It is shown that on the basis of materials available in the northern regions of NRW, high-strength concrete with a specific cement consumption of about 6 (kg / m3) / MPa can be obtained. It was concluded that, in the production of high-strength concrete, it is advisable to increase the adhesion of cement stone to coarse aggregate, for example, by introducing active microsilica in the form of rice husk ash into the concrete mix. It has been suggested that it is necessary to study the effect of superplasticizing additives used in SRV on the kinetics of hardening of cements in order to determine the group of additives that have a minimal retarding effect on the growth of concrete strength in the early period

Keywords: specific consumption of cement, high-strength concrete, tensile strength, cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, adhesion of cement stone with aggregate, hardening kinetics

The article discusses structural membranes as modern building materials used to form the facades of buildings and structures. Paper give their detailed characteristics, physico-chemical properties and conditions of use. Two types of composite material from which the membranes are made are described: textiles and foil, their components, individual characteristics, method of manufacture. Further examples of specific modern buildings facades analyzed performance properties of membranes isolated main advantages and disadvantages of this technology. In conclusion, the authors, on the basis of the research done, conclude about the advantages of using this material in the construction industry, as well as express their assumption about the development and new possibilities of its practical application.

Keywords: Architecture, facade, structural building membrane, material

The results of laboratory studies to determine the suitability of clay raw materials of the Klyuchevsky Sandstone field for the production of ceramic bricks by plastic molding are presented. It is established that the introduction of the composition of the batch of associated lithoidal rocks as emaciated additives, coal and kaolinite-hydrologist Vladimirovskaya raw material fields, as well as adding the modifying additives that increase frost resistance, it is possible to obtain ceramic samples that meet the requirements of GOST.

Keywords: clay raw materials, stone-like raw materials, plastic molding, ceramic brick, frost resistance

The parameters of the thermal effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete with the addition of fly ash Novocherkassk GRES. It was found that a higher level of quality SСС with the addition of fly ash is achieved at low temperature heat treatment. The duration of the thermal effect, which depends on the required Stripping strength of the concrete, should be assigned based on the specific production conditions. The effectiveness of fly ash in self-compacting concrete mixtures is manifested in reducing the water demand of the mixture and increasing the strength of concrete after heat treatment under the condition of rational dosage of hyperplasticizer and mineral additives. The optimum mode of heat treatment of SСС should be set by the coefficient of efficiency of heat treatment.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, hyperplasticizer, mineral additive, concrete strength, heat treatment mode, heat treatment efficiency coefficient