The article offers examples of simulated processes for creating a digital twin, a monitoring process, and a cargo transportation process. A theory is proposed for calculating a mathematical model based on Petri nets. Models for placing an order and its delivery are proposed, as well as a model of information flows using the example of developing models for the processes of transporting perishable products in a refrigerated container.

Keywords: Business process, modeling, BPMN, IDEF1, DFD, Petri nets, mathematical model, intelligent 3D model

The paper presents the results of calculating reliability indicators and analyzing the fault tolerance of the subsystem for monitoring and controlling steam pressure in the steam curtain of a tubular furnace of a diesel fuel hydrotreating technological unit. The effectiveness of reserving critical elements to improve functional safety is substantiated.

Keywords: reliability, fault tolerance, steam curtain, tubular furnace, hydrotreating, diesel fuel, redundancy, functional safety

The article is devoted to the development of application software for automated colorization of images in palettes of traditional folk crafts. The process of identifying palettes of folk paintings, the algorithm for transferring color solutions to the author's images and the presentation of this algorithm in the code of a computer program in the Python language are considered. The scheme of interaction of the program with the user is explained. The options for the practical application of the created application software in the work of artists, when creating design projects, for preserving cultural heritage and passing it on to new generations are described. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated approach for coloring images, reducing time costs and simplifying the work of designers. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of computer graphics, designers and researchers of digital technologies in the field of image processing.

Keywords: application software, digital technologies, colorization, color palettes, traditional folk crafts, colorization algorithms, graphic design, python programming, image processing

The article discusses options for solving the problem of slowing down the operating cycle of programmable logic controllers that occurs when implementing complex algorithms. For most modern programmable logic controllers, the operating cycle directly depends on the volume of the user program. The program is executed pseudo-parallel, so the complexity of the algorithm affects the slowdown of the cycle indirectly, through an increase in the code volume. The growth of the program leads to a slowdown in the controller's response to changes in the state of the inputs. In some cases, controller developers provide programmers with options that allow them to disrupt the natural order of the operating cycle, thereby reducing the response time. The advantages and disadvantages of such methods are discussed in detail in this article. As an alternative way to reduce the controller's response time, the possibility of transferring the execution of a part of the algorithm to the operator's touch panel is considered. Modern touch panels, in addition to their main task - implementing the human-machine interface, have many additional functions, including the ability to use macros. The main functionality of macros is given and the possibility of exchanging data between the controller and the panel is demonstrated. This feature is a prerequisite for delegating some of the functions of the panel controller. The limitations and risks that arise when using this approach are discussed in detail, and situations in which it is preferable to use this method are identified.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, operator touch panel, controller operation cycle, distribution of computing resources, macros

The paper presents an intelligent control system for the indirect assessment of fruit damage volume based on the use of a computer vision system and a convolutional neural network (CNN). An algorithm has been developed that analyzes the surface defect area to predict the volume of damaged pulp. The proposed approach includes stages of image acquisition, preprocessing, defect segmentation using a CNN, regression-based damage volume estimation, and decision-making based on fuzzy logic. A mathematical model is described that links the defect area to the damage volume, taking into account the internal spread of rot within the fruit. The presented system enables prompt and objective quality control of fruits, contributing to the optimization of sorting, storage, and processing operations in the food industry and the agro-industrial sector.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The article provides an overview of existing technical solutions, considered from the point of view of two approaches: complete replacement of the electrolysis plant with a modern analog; replacement of only the measuring part of the system. Based on the results of a review of existing technical solutions, it was concluded that the purchase and replacement of an entire electrolysis plant or a software measuring part is economically unprofitable, and Berezovskaya GRES can implement its own SEU-20 plant management system using modern Russian-made automation software, but its own development will bring significant economic benefits. due to the lower cost compared to foreign counterparts. Для проектируемой системы управления технологическим процессом выбрано необходимое оборудование. Рассчитано время реакции системы при аварийной ситуации. Разработаны электрическая структурная и функциональная схемы автоматизации электролизной установки СЭУ-20. Разработан интерфейс АРМ оператора и произведено моделирование разработанной программы с отработкой различных ситуаций.

Keywords: electrolysis plant, import substitution, remote control, remote control, PLC programming, APM operator

The paper considers the solution of an urgent scientific and technical problem of developing a tilt angle sensor designed for automated position measurement of optical and optoelectronic systems. The principle of operation of the tilt angle sensor or inclinometer is to measure the direction of acceleration of gravity in the coordinate system associated with the target object, which allows calculating the angles of deviation of the vertical axis of the object from the ideal position. Capacitive sensors measure the angle of inclination by monitoring changes in capacitance due to external influences and often have a fairly simple design. In this paper, we consider a sensor design that uses a metal ball moving in a dielectric tube with electrodes attached to it. To investigate the possibilities of optimizing the device, a mock-up was developed on which the change in capacitance was analyzed depending on the size of the ball, the diameter of the tube and the shape of the electrodes. An important goal of this study was to determine the optimal diameter of the ball inside the dielectric tube to obtain the most noticeable changes in capacitance. The best results were obtained using a metal ball with a diameter slightly smaller than that of a dielectric tube. To measure the capacitance the "capacity–frequency" conversion can be used, followed by measuring the latter using a microcontroller. The resulting capacitance values are very small, which leads to a significant impact of any connecting wires and requires reducing the distance between the primary converter and the signal processing circuit, which can be achieved using micromechanics and microelectromechanics technologies and integrating the entire sensor design into one miniature housing. At the same time, with a decrease in the size of the elements of the primary converter, the value of the detected capacitance will obviously decrease, which will significantly complicate its conversion into an electrical signal.

Keywords: tilt angle, electronic sensor, inclinometer, position control, capacity change, primary converter, auto generator, miniaturization

The transition from scheduled maintenance and repair of equipment to maintenance based on its actual technical state requires the use of new methods of data analysis based on machine learning. Modern data collection systems such as robotic unmanned complexes allow generating large volumes of graphic data in various spectra. The increase in data volume leads to the task of automating their processing and analysis to identify defects in high-voltage equipment. This article analyzes the features of using computer vision algorithms for images of high-voltage equipment of power plants and substations in the infrared spectrum and presents a method for their analysis, which can be used to create intelligent decision support systems in the field of technical diagnostics of equipment. The proposed method uses both deterministic algorithms and machine learning. Classical computer vision algorithms are applied for preliminary data processing in order to highlight significant features, and models based on unsupervised machine learning are applied to recognize graphic images of equipment in a feature space optimized for information space. Image segmentation using a spatial clustering algorithm based on the density distribution of values ​​taking into account outliers allows detecting and grouping image fragments with statistically close distributions of line orientations. Such fragments characterize certain structural elements of the equipment. The article describes an algorithm that implements the proposed method using the example of solving the problem of detecting defects in current transformers, and presents a visualization of its intermediate steps.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

An optimization model has been developed for the minimum required number of employees carrying out transport security measures included in transport security units, taking into account the algorithm for distributing employees, including various groups according to individual functions performed at different security levels, as well as the likelihood of various threats to transport security.

Keywords: transport strategy, digitalization of transport security, cost optimization, transport security units, requirements for ensuring transport security

The paper discusses the use of the M/M/n mass service model to analyze the performance of cloud storage systems. Simulations are performed to identify the impact of system parameters on average latency, blocking probability, and throughput. The results demonstrate how optimizing the number of servers and service intensity can improve system performance and minimize latency. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the performance of cloud solutions in the context of growing data volumes and increasing load on storage systems.

Keywords: cloud storage, mass service theory, M/M/n model, Python, modeling, performance analysis

within the framework of the conducted research, the task of controlling a robot of a parallel structure was considered. This paper presents a model of a 3-RPR type flat parallel robot in the Matlab package, developed for conducting computational experiments. Implementation of two types motion trajectories have been simulated in order to determine the optimal structure of the position regulators of the drive joint used in the robot control system. Six structure of regulators were compared: three classical ones: PD, PID, PDD and three of their fractional-degree analogues: FOPD, FOPID, FOPDD. The FOMCON tool was used to model fractional-degree regulators. The best results for type 3-PPR robot were shown by a control system with a FOPID regulator, which indicates the expediency of using fractional-degree regulators to control parallel robots.

Keywords: parallel robot, inverse kinematics problem, 3-RPR robot, computational experiment, working out the trajectory of movement, control system accuracy, fractional-degree regulator, parametric optimization of the regulator, comparative modeling, FOMCON tool

Currently, rechargeable batteries are widely used in various fields of technology. They are created by connecting batteries in parallel into blocks, and then sequentially connecting blocks into batteries. The batteries produced by the industry have a technological variation of parameters and the connection of batteries into blocks should not be made randomly, but taking into account their individual parameters. The article discusses the creation of a hardware and software complex based on an industrial robot arm designed to extract batteries from an array of batteries with known parameters and install them in cells of an assembly cassette in a sequence that takes into account the individual parameters of the batteries. Both the hardware and the software part of the battery transfer complex are being considered. The adjustment of the manipulator to the possible displacement of the batteries in the storage area and the assembly cassette is carried out through the use of technical vision.

Keywords: hardware and software complex, industrial robot, adaptive manipulator, battery, algorithm

This article is devoted to the issues of implementation of automated control system of regional electric networks based on intelligent technologies. The significance of the issue under consideration is expressed in the fact that along with the development of technologies and their active use, electric loads in networks where large losses of electric power occur are increasing. Some issues of increasing the efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources at the regional level are considered. The main elements of the system approach to the analysis of the automated process control system of the regional energy system (APCS RES) are described. An example of the design and implementation of a pilot project for the introduction of intelligent technologies in the electrical networks of the Chechen Republic, in particular in the electrical networks of the city of Argun, is given. The most significant entities of the regional electric power industry are considered, which determine the process of functioning of the automated process control system of the power grid, as well as those that have or are capable of having an impact on the structure and process of functioning of the automated process control system of the power grid, where the degree of influence, situations and moments of influence for all the entities given are absolutely different. The conducted methodology of forming entities represents their dependence on each other to varying degrees.

Keywords: electricity metering, electrical network, intelligent technologies, automated process control system, regional energy system, electricity tariff

This study examines the control of the cooling fan speed as an effective means of reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds during three-dimensional layer-by-layer printing. The high extrusion temperatures used in modern high-speed printers lead to emissions of harmful volatile organic compounds, which poses health risks in poorly ventilated rooms. A mathematical model has been developed to establish a quadratic relationship between the fan speed and the volumetric air flow, which directly affects the deposition of volatile organic compounds on the melt surface. The experimental setup uses relay control of the motor current and proportional-integral-differentiating speed control, ensuring rapid stabilization of the air flow with minimal overshoot. From the analysis of transient characteristics, including motor current, fan speed, airflow velocity, and power consumption, it is shown that precise control of fan speed creates stable and predictable airflow movement, significantly reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds. In addition, the results show that integrating the feedback of the volatile organic compounds sensor in real time with the control of the extrusion rate can offer an even more adaptive and effective strategy for reducing emissions. This research lays the foundation for safer and more efficient 3D printing processes with layer-by-layer deposition modeling through improved temperature and emission management.

Keywords: volatile organic compounds, three-dimensional printing, adaptive control, layer-by-layer deposition, regulation

The article introduces a methodology for verifying BIM models of capital construction facilities. This approach focuses on dynamic assessment of intersection collision weights, combining geometric analysis, statistical methods, and adaptive metric weighting. Key metrics considered include granularity, geometry errors, tessellation complexity, and fill factor. The proposed methodology utilizes Python implementation with IfcOpenShell, leveraging a multithreaded architecture to significantly reduce data processing time. Testing on 20 multidisciplinary models highlights critical problematic elements such as walls, beams, and air ducts. The results demonstrate that adaptive weight distribution effectively identifies and prioritizes potential errors, improving the accuracy and reliability of BIM models. The study's findings are crucial for enhancing design and construction processes. By accurately assessing and mitigating errors, the methodology reduces project delays, cost overruns, and safety risks. It also promotes better coordination among project stakeholders, streamlining workflows and improving project outcomes. In conclusion, the proposed methodology is a valuable tool for verifying BIM models, ensuring the integrity and quality of capital construction projects. Its application can lead to more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable construction processes, benefiting both developers and end-users.

Keywords: TIM, collisions, verification, dynamic weights, adaptive metrics, algorithms, IfcOpenShell, python, standard deviation

The article develops calibration methods to improve accuracy and reduce operating costs of robotic systems in warehouse logistics. Special attention is given to the use of laser sensors and offset parameters, enabling the robot's position to adapt to changing conditions. The methodology includes the stages of initialization, orientation, and final verification, which help minimize deviations and reduce the need for manual adjustments. This approach ensures consistent operational accuracy and lowers operating costs through automated and adaptive robot calibration settings.

Keywords: robot calibration, warehouse automation, laser sensor, offset, positioning accuracy, robotic system, adaptive calibration, automatic calibration, collaborative robot, cobot

The article discusses approaches to the systematic analysis of historical data collected from water treatment facilities. By using tools from mathematical statistics, machine learning methods, and visual analysis techniques, the article proposes a formalized approach to assessing the efficiency of water treatment equipment. This approach makes it possible to identify hidden patterns in the data, build robust models of interdependencies, and develop recommendations for optimizing the technological process.

Keywords: water treatment, telemetry data, time series analysis, machine learning, equipment efficiency

The article discusses a methodology for predicting global horizontal radiation for the day ahead, based on the concept of characteristic days – typical daily profiles of global horizontal insolation. The method is aimed at use in the absence of operational meteorological information and is intended as an alternative (backup) method of short-term forecasting in autonomous energy systems. As a test case, data from the Murino station (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug), obtained from the PVGIS service based on ERA5 reanalysis, was used. The average and median characteristic days for each month are constructed and the accuracy of forecasts using the RMSE, MAE, MdAE and R2 metrics is compared. It is shown that median profiles provide more stable results in conditions of increased weather variability. The method can be used for approximate planning of photovoltaic installations in remote and northern regions with limited access to meteorological data.

Keywords: solar radiation, global horizontal insolation, ERA5, statistical forecasting methods, forecasting in energy systems, forecasting horizon, forecasting for the day ahead, methods for constructing characteristic days, average and median profiles

The article presents the results of the analysis of the architecture of robotic technologies used in warehouse logistics. The following methods of architecture optimization are identified: multifunctionality, modularity, swarm intelligence, and the implementation of several operating modes. Based on the analysis, a conceptual model of a robot for inventory of warehouse premises was created. The main advantages of the model are: the possibility of using the robot outside working hours due to the presence of an autonomous operating mode; application for inventory and for joint work with other robots (coordination of the movement of ground robots); the presence of an interchange algorithm that ensures fault tolerance and a partial solution to the problem of the limited operating time of the robot from the battery.

Keywords: robotic technologies, drones, modularity, swarm intelligence, fault tolerance, warehouse logistics

The problems of building human-machine interfaces of automated operational dispatch control systems with a high density of information flow are considered. The article is devoted to the modernization of the graphical part of control systems with the proposal of levels of graphical mnemonic circuits and their description of their advantages. In the second part, the modernization of the previously proposed algorithm for the development of an alarm subsystem is given. The advantages of the proposed approaches for the end user are derived.

Keywords: dispatch control, automated control system, HMI, BMS, SCADA, UX/UI design

The paper describes an automated security system for a mining container: a short circuit protection system for smooth start-up of equipment, temperature control and fire prevention of devices.

Keywords: mining, electrical safety, temperature maintenance, fire prevention, automated system

This article provides an overview of existing structural solutions for in-line robots designed for inspection work. The main attention is paid to the analysis of various motion mechanisms and chassis types used in such robots, as well as to the identification of their advantages and disadvantages in relation to the task of scanning a longitudinal weld. Such types of robots as tracked, wheeled, helical and those that move under the influence of pressure inside the pipe are considered. Special attention is paid to the problem of ensuring stable and accurate movement of the robot along the weld, minimizing lateral displacements and choosing the optimal positioning system. Based on the analysis, recommendations are offered for choosing the most appropriate type of motion and chassis to perform the task of constructing a 3D model of a weld using a laser triangulation sensor (hereinafter referred to as LTD).

Keywords: in-line work, inspection work, 3D scanning, welds, structural solutions, types of movement, chassis, crawler robots, wheeled robots, screw robots, longitudinal welds, laser triangulation sensor

The development, research and construction of devices that speed up the process of interaction between various modules (for example, telemetry and remote control systems), and in general, hybrid communication systems of a digital city that include a variety of systems used in an Intelligent Building is an urgent problem. One of these devices presented in the article is the optimal multi–frequency modem developed. In addition to the developed modem, the article presents examples of the development of similar types of devices and systems by both Russian and foreign researchers. At the same time, the authors proved that the use of the proposed modem provides a gain in spectral and energy efficiency in comparison with analogues. The proposed approach can be used to organize high-speed data transmission over frequency-limited communication channels based on new wired technologies of the digital subscriber line standard, as well as wireless systems.

Keywords: telemetry and remote control system, intelligent building, digital city hybrid communications system, modem, multi-frequency modulation, digital subscriber line, optimal finite signal, modulator, demodulator, wireless communication system

The desliming process plays a key role in mineral processing technology, ensuring efficient particle separation based on their magnetic properties. The article examines the issues arising from the use of traditional magnetic deslimers under elevated slurry temperatures. One of the main drawbacks of existing methods is the decrease in magnetite density as temperature rises, which impairs separation quality and leads to losses of the valuable product. The article explores the physical aspects of this problem and proposes methods for its mitigation, including control of the magnetic field strength to optimize flocculation. It also considers the possibility of upgrading deslimers by replacing permanent magnets with electromagnets, enabling more precise process control. Magnetic field modeling with ANSYS Maxwell software confirms the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The work’s primary focus is the development of a hybrid intelligent control system for the desliming process. The proposed system consists of three control loops: water supply, electromagnet excitation current, and desliming discharge. Each loop is managed by proportional–integral–derivative regulators, which are automatically adjusted based on data regarding changing slurry parameters and external conditions. Applying these methods can significantly improve the quality of the iron ore concentrate, increase the iron content in the product, reduce losses in tailings, and ensure stable equipment operation under varying environmental conditions.

Keywords: magnetic desliming, flocculator, automated control system, PID controller, iron ore processing, optimal control

This paper explores the development and application of a neuro-inspired automated system for greenhouse microclimate control. The relevance of the topic stems from the need to improve the resilience of agricultural production in the context of population growth and climate change. The proposed system architecture includes a hierarchical sensor network based on STM32 microcontrollers, an analysis module implemented on a Raspberry Pi 5 with neural network-based data processing, and a distributed actuator layer. The paper describes telemetry processing methods, device addressing and polling algorithms, as well as neural network models (YOLO and EfficientNetB3) used for plant disease diagnostics. An experimental evaluation of the classification model demonstrated high accuracy and confirmed the system’s capability for real-time operation.

Keywords: greenhouse automation, microclimate, neural network analysis, STM32, Raspberry Pi, deep learning, YOLO, EfficientNet, IoT, plant disease classification